Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

IGF1

Insulin-like growth factor 1

Also known as: IGF, IGF-I, IGF1_HUMAN, IGF1A, IGFI

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P05019
Gene
IGF1
Ensembl
ENSG00000017427
Chromosome
12
Canonical length
195 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins, RAS pathway related proteins
Secretome location
Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to insulin in function and structure and is a member of a family of proteins involved in mediating growth and development. The encoded protein is processed from a precursor, bound by a specific receptor, and secreted. Defects in this gene are a cause of insulin-like growth factor I deficiency. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms that may undergo similar processing to generate mature protein. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

195 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P05019|IGF1
     1  MGKISSLPTQ LFKCCFCDFL KVKMHTMSSS HLFYLALCLL TFTSSATAGP ETLCGAELVD
    61  ALQFVCGDRG FYFNKPTGYG SSSRRAPQTG IVDECCFRSC DLRRLEMYCA PLKPAKSARS
   121  VRAQRHTDMP KTQKYQPPST NKNTKSQRRK GWPKTHPGGE QKEGTEASLQ IRGKKKEQRR
   181  EIGSRNAECR GKKGK

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against IGF1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.56
Highest tissue expression
83 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • cervix: 83 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 81 nTPM
  • liver: 78 nTPM
  • smooth muscle: 69 nTPM
  • endometrium: 44 nTPM
  • breast: 41 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • endometrial stromal cells: 1,193 nCPM
  • leydig cells: 1,190 nCPM
  • decidual stromal cells: 728 nCPM
  • respiratory ionocytes: 701 nCPM
  • fibroblasts: 515 nCPM
  • adipocytes: 443 nCPM

Immune cell

  • naive B-cell: 2.4 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 0.7 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 0.2 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • medulla oblongata: 7.3 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 7 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 6.6 nTPM
  • thalamus: 6.3 nTPM
  • pons: 6.2 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 5.2 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about IGF1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions IGF1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

  • Insulin-like growth factor I deficiency (IGF1D) MIM:608747

Disease | GeneticClinVar

8 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 188 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Growth delay due to insulin-like growth factor type 1 deficiency

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on IGF1 was assayed in.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.81
gnomAD pLI
0.27
gnomAD missense Z
1.54
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.01
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of IGF1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads IGF1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against IGF1 could matter depends on whether native IGF1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

IGF1 is annotated as secreted, so native IGF1 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label IGF1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/IGF1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

© 2026 · Seroatlas, Discover Oregon LLC · Terms of use

Loading the interactive Seroatlas protein explorer...