Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

ETFRF1

Electron transfer flavoprotein regulatory factor 1

Also known as: ETFR1_HUMAN, LYRM5

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q6IPR1
Gene: ETFRF1
Ensembl: ENSG00000205707
Chromosome: 12
Canonical length: 90 aa
Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins
Quaternary structure: Homotetramer

OverviewNCBI Gene

Enables enzyme inhibitor activity. Involved in respiratory electron transport chain. Located in mitochondrion. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

90 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q6IPR1|ETFRF1
     1  MKMANSLRGE VLKLYKNLLY LGRDYPKGAD YFKKRLKNIF LKNKDVKNPE KIKELIAQGE
    61  FVMKELEALY FLRKYRAMKQ RYYSDTNKTN

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ETFRF1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.43
Highest tissue expression: 113 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

liver: 113 nTPM
tongue: 95 nTPM
skeletal muscle: 83 nTPM
spinal cord: 74 nTPM
testis: 53 nTPM
kidney: 52 nTPM

Single-cell type

late primary spermatocytes: 714 nCPM
parietal cells: 276 nCPM
early spermatids: 220 nCPM
hepatocytes: 145 nCPM
oocytes: 143 nCPM
epididymal principal cells: 118 nCPM

Immune cell

naive CD4 T-cell: 28 nTPM
basophil: 25 nTPM
naive CD8 T-cell: 23 nTPM
memory B-cell: 21 nTPM
NK-cell: 17 nTPM
naive B-cell: 17 nTPM

Brain region

white matter: 63 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 52 nTPM
spinal cord: 50 nTPM
cerebellum: 50 nTPM
basal ganglia: 46 nTPM
hypothalamus: 45 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.96
gnomAD pLI: 0
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.03
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

enzyme inhibitor activity

Cellular components

mitochondrion

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

Complex 1 LYR protein domain
Complex 1 protein (LYR family)
ETFRF1, LYR domain
Electron transfer flavoprotein regulatory factor 1

KeywordsUniProt

Mitochondrion

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of ETFRF1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads ETFRF1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against ETFRF1 could matter depends on whether native ETFRF1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

ETFRF1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label ETFRF1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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