Trace amine associated receptor family
IPR009132
Definition
Trace amines, such as tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, tryptamine and octopamine are biogenic amines present in trace levels in mammalian nervous systems PMID:17088868. Although some "trace amines" have clearly defined roles as neurotransmitters in invertebrates, the extent to which they function as true neurotransmitters in vertebrates has remained speculative PMID:11459929. Recently, a novel family of G protein-coupled receptors that share sequence similarity with the classical amine receptors has been discovered PMID:15718104. These trace amine associated receptors (TAAR), also known as trace amine receptors (TAR or TA), are members of the rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family [[cite:PMID:11459929], [cite:PMID:19325074]]. Some members have been shown to act as receptors for tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine, supporting a role for trace amines as neurotransmitters in vertebrates PMID:11459929. However, not all members have a high affinity for trace amines, some for example are olfactory receptors, which is why they are classified as trace amine associated receptors PMID:15718104. Since trace amine associated receptors are putative endogenous receptors for trace amines, they are of interest the pharmaceutical industry, since they are metabolic derivatives of classical biogenic amines and the psychostimulants amphetamine and methamphetamine [[cite:PMID:11723224], [cite:PMID:15860375], [cite:PMID:16451074]]. Trace amine-associated receptors are found in a range of taxa, but not all the members are found in all taxa [[cite:PMID:19237578], [cite:PMID:15891052], [cite:PMID:14559210], [cite:PMID:19325074]] and act as different types of receptor. In mammals, for example, TAAR1 is probably a receptor for thyronamines, decarboxylated and deiodinated metabolites of the thyroid hormones PMID:15146179 whilst in mouse TAAR2 to TAAR9 receptors are most probably olfactory receptors for volatile amines [[cite:PMID:16878137], [cite:PMID:19686131]]. This entry represents the trace amine associated receptor family.
7 human proteins with this domain
Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.
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