Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TDG

G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase

Also known as: TDG_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q13569
Gene
TDG
Ensembl
ENSG00000139372
Chromosome
12
Canonical length
410 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Plasma membrane
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TDG/mug DNA glycosylase family. Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and the mispaired thymine. With lower activity, this enzyme also removes thymine from C/T and T/T mispairings. TDG can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairings with guanine. This enzyme plays a central role in cellular defense against genetic mutation caused by the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine. This gene may have a pseudogene in the p arm of chromosome 12. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

410 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q13569|TDG
     1  MEAENAGSYS LQQAQAFYTF PFQQLMAEAP NMAVVNEQQM PEEVPAPAPA QEPVQEAPKG
    61  RKRKPRTTEP KQPVEPKKPV ESKKSGKSAK SKEKQEKITD TFKVKRKVDR FNGVSEAELL
   121  TKTLPDILTF NLDIVIIGIN PGLMAAYKGH HYPGPGNHFW KCLFMSGLSE VQLNHMDDHT
   181  LPGKYGIGFT NMVERTTPGS KDLSSKEFRE GGRILVQKLQ KYQPRIAVFN GKCIYEIFSK
   241  EVFGVKVKNL EFGLQPHKIP DTETLCYVMP SSSARCAQFP RAQDKVHYYI KLKDLRDQLK
   301  GIERNMDVQE VQYTFDLQLA QEDAKKMAVK EEKYDPGYEA AYGGAYGENP CSSEPCGFSS
   361  NGLIESVELR GESAFSGIPN GQWMTQSFTD QIPSFSNHCG TQEQEEESHA

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TDG can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.47
Highest tissue expression
24 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • thymus: 24 nTPM
  • lymph node: 20 nTPM
  • tonsil: 18 nTPM
  • esophagus: 18 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 17 nTPM
  • placenta: 16 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • syncytiotrophoblasts: 150 nCPM
  • suprabasal keratinocytes: 101 nCPM
  • erythrocyte progenitors: 101 nCPM
  • megakaryocytes: 87 nCPM
  • extravillous trophoblasts: 82 nCPM
  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 78 nCPM

Immune cell

  • plasmacytoid DC: 93 nTPM
  • basophil: 55 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 53 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 46 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 44 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 40 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 15 nTPM
  • white matter: 15 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 14 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 14 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 13 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 13 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.74
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
1.24
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.2
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 6% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of TDG in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TDG as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TDG could matter depends on whether native TDG is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TDG is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TDG as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TDG. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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