Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

MRPL40

Large ribosomal subunit protein mL40

Also known as: MRP-L22, NLVCF, RM40_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q9NQ50
Gene: MRPL40
Ensembl: ENSG00000185608
Chromosome: 22
Canonical length: 206 aa
Protein class: Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Ribosomal proteins
Subcellular location: Nucleoli,Mitochondria

OverviewNCBI Gene

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 39S subunit protein. Deletions in this gene may contribute to the etiology of velo-cardio-facial syndrome and DiGeorge syndrome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

206 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9NQ50|MRPL40
     1  MTASVLRSIS LALRPTSGLL GTWQTQLRET HQRASLLSFW ELIPMRSEPL RKKKKVDPKK
    61  DQEAKERLKR KIRKLEKATQ ELIPIEDFIT PLKFLDKARE RPQVELTFEE TERRALLLKK
   121  WSLYKQQERK MERDTIRAML EAQQEALEEL QLESPKLHAE AIKRDPNLFP FEKEGPHYTP
   181  PIPNYQPPEG RYNDITKVYT QVEFKR

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against MRPL40 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.62
Highest tissue expression: 165 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

skeletal muscle: 165 nTPM
tongue: 133 nTPM
liver: 111 nTPM
heart muscle: 100 nTPM
parathyroid gland: 80 nTPM
choroid plexus: 75 nTPM

Single-cell type

late spermatids: 227 nCPM
fallopian tube ciliated cells: 195 nCPM
respiratory ciliated cells: 187 nCPM
hofbauer cells: 180 nCPM
esophageal suprabasal cells: 177 nCPM
hepatocytes: 165 nCPM

Immune cell

memory B-cell: 163 nTPM
naive B-cell: 157 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 109 nTPM
plasmacytoid DC: 107 nTPM
total PBMC: 104 nTPM
myeloid DC: 100 nTPM

Brain region

white matter: 30 nTPM
cerebellum: 28 nTPM
spinal cord: 28 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 26 nTPM
hypothalamus: 25 nTPM
thalamus: 23 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.79
gnomAD pLI: 0.05
gnomAD missense Z: -0.52
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.3
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

RNA binding

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

Large ribosomal subunit protein mL40
Large ribosomal subunit protein mL40, metazoa/plants
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L28

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of MRPL40 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads MRPL40 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against MRPL40 could matter depends on whether native MRPL40 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

MRPL40 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label MRPL40 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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