Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

IL10

Interleukin-10

Also known as: CSIF, IL-10, IL10_HUMAN, IL10A, TGIF

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P22301
Gene
IL10
Ensembl
ENSG00000136634
Chromosome
1
Canonical length
178 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location
Secreted to blood
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-kappa B activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2020]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

178 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P22301|IL10
     1  MHSSALLCCL VLLTGVRASP GQGTQSENSC THFPGNLPNM LRDLRDAFSR VKTFFQMKDQ
    61  LDNLLLKESL LEDFKGYLGC QALSEMIQFY LEEVMPQAEN QDPDIKAHVN SLGENLKTLR
   121  LRLRRCHRFL PCENKSKAVE QVKNAFNKLQ EKGIYKAMSE FDIFINYIEA YMTMKIRN

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against IL10 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.45
Highest tissue expression
6.5 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • appendix: 6.5 nTPM
  • spleen: 6.1 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 5.5 nTPM
  • lymph node: 4.8 nTPM
  • gallbladder: 3 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 2.9 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • monocytes: 258 nCPM
  • macrophages: 95 nCPM
  • kupffer cells: 57 nCPM
  • hofbauer cells: 31 nCPM
  • cdc: 25 nCPM
  • thymocytes: 11 nCPM

Immune cell

  • classical monocyte: 1.6 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 1.3 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 0.5 nTPM
  • T-reg: 0.3 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 0.3 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 0.2 nTPM

Brain region

  • thalamus: 5.7 nTPM
  • white matter: 1.7 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 1.6 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 1.3 nTPM
  • pons: 1.2 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 1.1 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about IL10.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

2 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 144 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Rheumatoid arthritis, progression of
  • Leprosy, susceptibility to, 1
  • Hepatitis C virus, susceptibility to

Disease | AutoantibodyPubMed

Conditions in which antibodies against IL10 are reported. Each links to that disease's full target list.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for IL10 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

38 publications

Show 20 more of 38 total

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.04
gnomAD pLI
0.01
gnomAD missense Z
0.84
DepMap mean gene effect
0.06
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of IL10 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads IL10 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against IL10 could matter depends on whether native IL10 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

IL10 is annotated as secreted, so native IL10 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Source-annotated serology context

The source annotations explicitly mention antibody, autoantibody, autoantigen, or autoimmune context. This is biological context, not study-specific reactivity.

  • It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/IL10. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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