Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

AACS

Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase

Also known as: AACS_HUMAN, ACSF1, FLJ12389, SUR-5

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q86V21
Gene: AACS
Ensembl: ENSG00000081760
Chromosome: 12
Canonical length: 672 aa
Protein class: Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted membrane proteins
Subcellular location: Vesicles

OverviewNCBI Gene

Predicted to enable acetoacetate-CoA ligase activity. Predicted to be involved in positive regulation of insulin secretion. Predicted to be located in cytosol. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

672 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q86V21|AACS
     1  MSKEERPGRE EILECQVMWE PDSKKNTQMD RFRAAVGAAC GLALESYDDL YHWSVESYSD
    61  FWAEFWKFSG IVFSRVYDEV VDTSKGIADV PEWFKGSRLN YAENLLRHKE NDRVALYIAR
   121  EGKEEIVKVT FEELRQEVAL FAAAMRKMGV KKGDRVVGYL PNSEHAVEAM LAAASIGAIW
   181  SSTSPDFGVN GVLDRFSQIQ PKLIFSVEAV VYNGKEHNHM EKLQQVVKGL PDLKKVVVIP
   241  YVSSRENIDL SKIPNSVFLD DFLATGTSEQ APQLEFEQLP FSHPLFIMFS SGTTGAPKCM
   301  VHSAGGTLIQ HLKEHLLHGN MTSSDILLCY TTVGWMMWNW MVSLLATGAA MVLYDGSPLV
   361  PTPNVLWDLV DRIGITVLVT GAKWLSVLEE KAMKPVETHS LQMLHTILST GSPLKAQSYE
   421  YVYRCIKSSI LLGSISGGTD IISCFMGHNF SLPVYKGEIQ ARNLGMAVEA WNEEGKAVWG
   481  ESGELVCTKP IPCQPTHFWN DENGNKYRKA YFSKFPGIWA HGDYCRINPK TGGIVMLGRS
   541  DGTLNPNGVR FGSSEIYNIV ESFEEVEDSL CVPQYNKYRE ERVILFLKMA SGHAFQPDLV
   601  KRIRDAIRMG LSARHVPSLI LETKGIPYTL NGKKVEVAVK QIIAGKAVEQ GGAFSNPETL
   661  DLYRDIPELQ GF

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against AACS can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.22
Highest tissue expression: 45 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

salivary gland: 45 nTPM
breast: 41 nTPM
skin: 40 nTPM
esophagus: 30 nTPM
adipose tissue: 30 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 21 nTPM

Single-cell type

retinal ganglion cells: 170 nCPM
breast lactating cells: 96 nCPM
esophageal suprabasal cells: 95 nCPM
early spermatids: 89 nCPM
lacrimal acinar cells: 80 nCPM
suprabasal keratinocytes: 79 nCPM

Immune cell

plasmacytoid DC: 9.9 nTPM
basophil: 7.8 nTPM
eosinophil: 6 nTPM
NK-cell: 5.4 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 4.4 nTPM
naive CD4 T-cell: 4.4 nTPM

Brain region

cerebral cortex: 26 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 21 nTPM
basal ganglia: 19 nTPM
white matter: 16 nTPM
pons: 16 nTPM
thalamus: 14 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.09
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: 0.2
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.03
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

ATP binding
acetoacetate-CoA ligase activity

Cellular components

cytosol

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads AACS as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against AACS could matter depends on whether native AACS is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

AACS is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label AACS as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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