Macroglobulin domain
IPR002890
Definition
The proteinase-binding alpha-macroglobulins (A2M) PMID:2473064 are large glycoproteins found in the plasma of vertebrates, in the hemolymph of some invertebrates and in reptilian and avian egg white. A2M-like proteins are able to inhibit all four classes of proteinases by a 'trapping' mechanism. They have a peptide stretch, called the 'bait region', which contains specific cleavage sites for different proteinases. When a proteinase cleaves the bait region, a conformational change is induced in the protein, thus trapping the proteinase. The entrapped enzyme remains active against low molecular weight substrates, whilst its activity toward larger substrates is greatly reduced, due to steric hindrance. Following cleavage in the bait region, a thiol ester bond, formed between the side chains of a cysteine and a glutamine, is cleaved and mediates the covalent binding of the A2M-like protein to the proteinase. This entry represents the MG2 (macroglobulin) domain of alpha-2-macroglobulin and related thioester-containing proteins (TEPs [[cite:PMID:16177781], [cite:PMID:34970276]. A2M-like proteins have been identified in pathogenic invasive bacteria and species that colonize higher eukaryotes. This domain is found in eukaryotic and bacterial proteins. In human A2Ms, this domain is termed macroglobulin-like (MG) domain 2 and in Salmonella enterica ser A2Ms, this is domain 4 [[cite:PMID:25221932], [cite:PMID:22290936]].
9 human proteins with this domain
Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.
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