Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TRO

Trophinin

Also known as: KIAA1114, MAGE-D3, MAGED3, TROP_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q12816
Gene
TRO
Ensembl
ENSG00000067445
Chromosome
X
Canonical length
1431 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Cell Junctions,Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a membrane protein that mediates cell adhesion between trophoblastic cells and the epithelial cells of the endometrium. The encoded protein participates in cell signalling during embryo implantation, and may also be involved in cancer formation. This gene is located near several other closely related genes on chromosome X. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2012]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

1431 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q12816|TRO
     1  MDRRNDYGYR VPLFQGPLPP PGSLGLPFPP DIQTETTEED SVLLMHTLLA ATKDSLAMDP
    61  PVVNRPKKSK TKKAPIKTIT KAAPAAPPVP AANEIATNKP KITWQALNLP VITQISQALP
   121  TTEVTNTQAS SVTAQPKKAN KMKRVTAKAA QGSQSPTGHE GGTIQLKSPL QVLKLPVISQ
   181  NIHAPIANES ASSQALITSI KPKKASKAKK AANKAIASAT EVSLAATATH TATTQGQITN
   241  ETASIHTTAA SIRTKKASKA RKTIAKVINT DTEHIEALNV TDAATRQIEA SVVAIRPKKS
   301  KGKKAASRGP NSVSEISEAP LATQIVTNQA LAATLRVKRG SRARKAATKA RATESQTPNA
   361  DQGAQAKIAS AQTNVSALET QVAAAVQALA DDYLAQLSLE PTTRTRGKRN RKSKHLNGDE
   421  RSGSNYRRIP WGRRPAPPRD VAILQERANK LVKYLLVKDQ TKIPIKRSDM LRDVIQEYDE
   481  YFPEIIERAS YTLEKMFRVN LKEIDKQSSL YILISTQESS AGILGTTKDT PKLGLLMVIL
   541  SVIFMNGNKA SEAVIWEVLR KLGLRPGVRH SLFGEVRKLI TDEFVKQKYL EYKRVPNSRP
   601  PEYEFFWGLR SYHETSKMKV LKFACRVQKK DPKDWAVQYR EAVEMEVQAA AVAVAEAEAR
   661  AEARAQMGIG EEAVAGPWNW DDMDIDCLTR EELGDDAQAW SRFSFEIEAR AQENADASTN
   721  VNFSRGASTR AGFSDGASIS FNGAPSSSGG FSGGPGITFG VAPSTSASFS NTASISFGGT
   781  LSTSSSFSSA ASISFGCAHS TSTSFSSEAS ISFGGMPCTS ASFSGGVSSS FSGPLSTSAT
   841  FSGGASSGFG GTLSTTAGFS GVLSTSTSFG SAPTTSTVFS SALSTSTGFG GILSTSVCFG
   901  GSPSSSGSFG GTLSTSICFG GSPCTSTGFG GTLSTSVSFG GSSSTSANFG GTLSTSICFD
   961  GSPSTGAGFG GALNTSASFG SVLNTSTGFG GAMSTSADFG GTLSTSVCFG GSPGTSVSFG
  1021  SALNTNAGYG GAVSTNTDFG GTLSTSVCFG GSPSTSAGFG GALNTNASFG CAVSTSASFS
  1081  GAVSTSACFS GAPITNPGFG GAFSTSAGFG GALSTAADFG GTPSNSIGFG AAPSTSVSFG
  1141  GAHGTSLCFG GAPSTSLCFG SASNTNLCFG GPPSTSACFS GATSPSFCDG PSTSTGFSFG
  1201  NGLSTNAGFG GGLNTSAGFG GGLGTSAGFS GGLSTSSGFD GGLGTSAGFG GGPGTSTGFG
  1261  GGLGTSAGFS GGLGTSAGFG GGLVTSDGFG GGLGTNASFG STLGTSAGFS GGLSTSDGFG
  1321  SRPNASFDRG LSTIIGFGSG SNTSTGFTGE PSTSTGFSSG PSSIVGFSGG PSTGVGFCSG
  1381  PSTSGFSGGP STGAGFGGGP NTGAGFGGGP STSAGFGSGA ASLGACGFSY G

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TRO can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.43
Highest tissue expression
29 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • skeletal muscle: 29 nTPM
  • pituitary gland: 22 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 17 nTPM
  • liver: 17 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 15 nTPM
  • ovary: 13 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • other brain neurons: 33 nCPM
  • oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: 29 nCPM
  • brain inhibitory neurons: 22 nCPM
  • lactotrophs: 21 nCPM
  • oligodendrocytes: 18 nCPM
  • brain excitatory neurons: 17 nCPM

Immune cell

  • NK-cell: 2.1 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 0.9 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0.4 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 0.2 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 0.2 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 0.1 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 70 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 58 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 51 nTPM
  • white matter: 49 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 38 nTPM
  • pons: 37 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.8
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
1.04
DepMap mean gene effect
0.05
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TRO as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TRO could matter depends on whether native TRO is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TRO is annotated at the cell surface, where native TRO is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TRO as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TRO. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

© 2026 · Seroatlas, Discover Oregon LLC · Terms of use

Loading the interactive Seroatlas protein explorer...