Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TGFA

Protransforming growth factor alpha

Also known as: TGFA_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P01135
Gene
TGFA
Ensembl
ENSG00000163235
Chromosome
2
Canonical length
160 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted secreted proteins, RAS pathway related proteins
Subcellular location
Vesicles
Secretome location
Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a growth factor that is a ligand for the epidermal growth factor receptor, which activates a signaling pathway for cell proliferation, differentiation and development. This protein may act as either a transmembrane-bound ligand or a soluble ligand. This gene has been associated with many types of cancers, and it may also be involved in some cases of cleft lip/palate. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

160 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P01135|TGFA
     1  MVPSAGQLAL FALGIVLAAC QALENSTSPL SADPPVAAAV VSHFNDCPDS HTQFCFHGTC
    61  RFLVQEDKPA CVCHSGYVGA RCEHADLLAV VAASQKKQAI TALVVVSIVA LAVLIITCVL
   121  IHCCQVRKHC EWCRALICRH EKPSALLKGR TACCHSETVV

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TGFA can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.49
Highest tissue expression
25 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • spinal cord: 25 nTPM
  • esophagus: 24 nTPM
  • gallbladder: 13 nTPM
  • vagina: 13 nTPM
  • kidney: 13 nTPM
  • skin: 12 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • esophageal apical cells: 306 nCPM
  • urothelial cells: 181 nCPM
  • pancreatic duct cells: 151 nCPM
  • neutrophils: 146 nCPM
  • early spermatids: 146 nCPM
  • endometrial glandular cells: 116 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 24 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 24 nTPM
  • basophil: 11 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 4.4 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 1.7 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 1 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 53 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 43 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 33 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 33 nTPM
  • pons: 31 nTPM
  • midbrain: 31 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.56
gnomAD pLI
0.72
gnomAD missense Z
0.76
DepMap mean gene effect
0.03
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of TGFA in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TGFA as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TGFA could matter depends on whether native TGFA is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TGFA is annotated at the cell surface, where native TGFA is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TGFA as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TGFA. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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