Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PAM

Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase

Also known as: AMD_HUMAN, PAL, PHM

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P19021
Gene
PAM
Ensembl
ENSG00000145730
Chromosome
5
Canonical length
973 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Subcellular location
Golgi apparatus,Cytosol
Secretome location
Secreted in other tissues

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a multifunctional protein. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme includes two domains with distinct catalytic activities, a peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM) domain and a peptidyl-alpha-hydroxyglycine alpha-amidating lyase (PAL) domain. These catalytic domains work sequentially to catalyze the conversion of neuroendocrine peptides to active alpha-amidated products. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

973 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P19021|PAM
     1  MAGRVPSLLV LLVFPSSCLA FRSPLSVFKR FKETTRPFSN ECLGTTRPVV PIDSSDFALD
    61  IRMPGVTPKQ SDTYFCMSMR IPVDEEAFVI DFKPRASMDT VHHMLLFGCN MPSSTGSYWF
   121  CDEGTCTDKA NILYAWARNA PPTRLPKGVG FRVGGETGSK YFVLQVHYGD ISAFRDNNKD
   181  CSGVSLHLTR LPQPLIAGMY LMMSVDTVIP AGEKVVNSDI SCHYKNYPMH VFAYRVHTHH
   241  LGKVVSGYRV RNGQWTLIGR QSPQLPQAFY PVGHPVDVSF GDLLAARCVF TGEGRTEATH
   301  IGGTSSDEMC NLYIMYYMEA KHAVSFMTCT QNVAPDMFRT IPPEANIPIP VKSDMVMMHE
   361  HHKETEYKDK IPLLQQPKRE EEEVLDQGDF YSLLSKLLGE REDVVHVHKY NPTEKAESES
   421  DLVAEIANVV QKKDLGRSDA REGAEHERGN AILVRDRIHK FHRLVSTLRP PESRVFSLQQ
   481  PPPGEGTWEP EHTGDFHMEE ALDWPGVYLL PGQVSGVALD PKNNLVIFHR GDHVWDGNSF
   541  DSKFVYQQIG LGPIEEDTIL VIDPNNAAVL QSSGKNLFYL PHGLSIDKDG NYWVTDVALH
   601  QVFKLDPNNK EGPVLILGRS MQPGSDQNHF CQPTDVAVDP GTGAIYVSDG YCNSRIVQFS
   661  PSGKFITQWG EESSGSSPLP GQFTVPHSLA LVPLLGQLCV ADRENGRIQC FKTDTKEFVR
   721  EIKHSSFGRN VFAISYIPGL LFAVNGKPHF GDQEPVQGFV MNFSNGEIID IFKPVRKHFD
   781  MPHDIVASED GTVYIGDAHT NTVWKFTLTE KLEHRSVKKA GIEVQEIKEA EAVVETKMEN
   841  KPTSSELQKM QEKQKLIKEP GSGVPVVLIT TLLVIPVVVL LAIAIFIRWK KSRAFGDSEH
   901  KLETSSGRVL GRFRGKGSGG LNLGNFFASR KGYSRKGFDR LSTEGSDQEK EDDGSESEEE
   961  YSAPLPALAP SSS

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PAM can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.39
Highest tissue expression
1,159 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • heart muscle: 1,159 nTPM
  • epididymis: 691 nTPM
  • cervix: 574 nTPM
  • blood vessel: 428 nTPM
  • parathyroid gland: 249 nTPM
  • seminal vesicle: 204 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neuroendocrine cells: 1,549 nCPM
  • pituicytes/fscs: 1,164 nCPM
  • myonuclei: 1,099 nCPM
  • cardiomyocytes: 905 nCPM
  • gonadotrophs: 845 nCPM
  • pancreatic islet cells: 839 nCPM

Immune cell

  • NK-cell: 24 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 21 nTPM
  • T-reg: 19 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 16 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 16 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 14 nTPM

Brain region

  • pons: 276 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 276 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 157 nTPM
  • midbrain: 153 nTPM
  • thalamus: 131 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 113 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.52
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.96
DepMap mean gene effect
0.02
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of PAM in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PAM as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PAM could matter depends on whether native PAM is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PAM is annotated as secreted, so native PAM circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PAM as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/PAM. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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