Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

LEP

Leptin

Also known as: LEP_HUMAN, OB, OBS

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P41159
Gene
LEP
Ensembl
ENSG00000174697
Chromosome
7
Canonical length
167 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Subcellular location
Vesicles,Plasma membrane
Secretome location
Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a protein that is secreted by white adipocytes into the circulation and plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Circulating leptin binds to the leptin receptor in the brain, which activates downstream signaling pathways that inhibit feeding and promote energy expenditure. This protein also has several endocrine functions, and is involved in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis, reproduction, bone formation and wound healing. Mutations in this gene and its regulatory regions cause severe obesity and morbid obesity with hypogonadism in human patients. A mutation in this gene has also been linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus development. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

167 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P41159|LEP
     1  MHWGTLCGFL WLWPYLFYVQ AVPIQKVQDD TKTLIKTIVT RINDISHTQS VSSKQKVTGL
    61  DFIPGLHPIL TLSKMDQTLA VYQQILTSMP SRNVIQISND LENLRDLLHV LAFSKSCHLP
   121  WASGLETLDS LGGVLEASGY STEVVALSRL QGSLQDMLWQ LDLSPGC

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against LEP can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.33
Highest tissue expression
289 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • adipose tissue: 289 nTPM
  • breast: 88 nTPM
  • blood vessel: 12 nTPM
  • appendix: 4.7 nTPM
  • placenta: 4.3 nTPM
  • skin: 3.9 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • syncytiotrophoblasts: 583 nCPM
  • extravillous trophoblasts: 188 nCPM
  • adipocytes: 73 nCPM
  • hofbauer cells: 10 nCPM
  • cdc: 3.7 nCPM
  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 3.6 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 0.9 nTPM
  • basophil: 0.1 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0.1 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 0.1 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebellum: 2.1 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 1.7 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 1.4 nTPM
  • white matter: 1.4 nTPM
  • amygdala: 1.3 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 1.3 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about LEP.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions LEP is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

8 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 120 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.83
gnomAD pLI
0.46
gnomAD missense Z
0.91
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.02
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of LEP in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads LEP as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against LEP could matter depends on whether native LEP is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

LEP is annotated as secreted, so native LEP circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label LEP as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/LEP. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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