Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

ISL1

Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1

Also known as: Isl-1, ISL1_HUMAN, ISLET1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P61371
Gene
ISL1
Ensembl
ENSG00000016082
Chromosome
5
Canonical length
349 aa
Protein class
Predicted intracellular proteins, Transcription factors
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Nuclear speckles,Mitochondria

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the LIM/homeodomain family of transcription factors. The encoded protein binds to the enhancer region of the insulin gene, among others, and may play an important role in regulating insulin gene expression. The encoded protein is central to the development of pancreatic cell lineages and may also be required for motor neuron generation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

349 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P61371|ISL1
     1  MGDMGDPPKK KRLISLCVGC GNQIHDQYIL RVSPDLEWHA ACLKCAECNQ YLDESCTCFV
    61  RDGKTYCKRD YIRLYGIKCA KCSIGFSKND FVMRARSKVY HIECFRCVAC SRQLIPGDEF
   121  ALREDGLFCR ADHDVVERAS LGAGDPLSPL HPARPLQMAA EPISARQPAL RPHVHKQPEK
   181  TTRVRTVLNE KQLHTLRTCY AANPRPDALM KEQLVEMTGL SPRVIRVWFQ NKRCKDKKRS
   241  IMMKQLQQQQ PNDKTNIQGM TGTPMVAASP ERHDGGLQAN PVEVQSYQPP WKVLSDFALQ
   301  SDIDQPAFQQ LVNFSEGGPG SNSTGSEVAS MSSQLPDTPN SMVASPIEA

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ISL1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.48
Highest tissue expression
21 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • retina: 21 nTPM
  • seminal vesicle: 18 nTPM
  • vagina: 15 nTPM
  • prostate: 12 nTPM
  • stomach: 9.4 nTPM
  • cervix: 8.7 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • retinal bipolar cells: 226 nCPM
  • pancreatic islet cells: 194 nCPM
  • neuroendocrine cells: 63 nCPM
  • retinal horizontal cells: 60 nCPM
  • cytotrophoblasts: 57 nCPM
  • medullary thymic epithelial cells: 43 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • hypothalamus: 24 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 3.8 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 3.1 nTPM
  • pons: 2.7 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 2.3 nTPM
  • thalamus: 1.2 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about ISL1.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on ISL1 was assayed in.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.41
gnomAD pLI
0.87
gnomAD missense Z
1.87
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.08
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of ISL1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads ISL1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against ISL1 could matter depends on whether native ISL1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

ISL1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label ISL1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/ISL1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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