Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

IL1B

Interleukin-1 beta

Also known as: IL-1B, IL1-BETA, IL1B_HUMAN, IL1F2

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P01584
Gene
IL1B
Ensembl
ENSG00000125538
Chromosome
2
Canonical length
269 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins, Transporters
Secretome location
Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. This cytokine is produced by activated macrophages as a proprotein, which is proteolytically processed to its active form by caspase 1 (CASP1/ICE). This cytokine is an important mediator of the inflammatory response, and is involved in a variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2/COX2) by this cytokine in the central nervous system (CNS) is found to contribute to inflammatory pain hypersensitivity. Similarly, IL-1B has been implicated in human osteoarthritis pathogenesis. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) present elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid samples. The lung damage induced by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is to a large extent, a result of the inflammatory response promoted by cytokines such as IL-1B. This gene and eight other interleukin 1 family genes form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 2. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2020]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

269 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P01584|IL1B
     1  MAEVPELASE MMAYYSGNED DLFFEADGPK QMKCSFQDLD LCPLDGGIQL RISDHHYSKG
    61  FRQAASVVVA MDKLRKMLVP CPQTFQENDL STFFPFIFEE EPIFFDTWDN EAYVHDAPVR
   121  SLNCTLRDSQ QKSLVMSGPY ELKALHLQGQ DMEQQVVFSM SFVQGEESND KIPVALGLKE
   181  KNLYLSCVLK DDKPTLQLES VDPKNYPKKK MEKRFVFNKI EINNKLEFES AQFPNWYIST
   241  SQAENMPVFL GGTKGGQDIT DFTMQFVSS

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against IL1B can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.42
Highest tissue expression
190 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • bone marrow: 190 nTPM
  • urinary bladder: 117 nTPM
  • appendix: 51 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 41 nTPM
  • stomach: 26 nTPM
  • lung: 19 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • monocytes: 4,378 nCPM
  • neutrophils: 2,506 nCPM
  • macrophages: 1,017 nCPM
  • cdc: 1,016 nCPM
  • kupffer cells: 177 nCPM
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors: 137 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 95 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 20 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 20 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 12 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 7.7 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 4.4 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 10 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 7.3 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 6.9 nTPM
  • midbrain: 6.8 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 6.6 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 6.3 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about IL1B.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on IL1B was assayed in.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for IL1B from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

12 publications

Show 7 more

Reference: T cellIEDB

1 publication

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.65
gnomAD pLI
0.13
gnomAD missense Z
1.15
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.02
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of IL1B in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads IL1B as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against IL1B could matter depends on whether native IL1B is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

IL1B is annotated as secreted, so native IL1B circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label IL1B as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/IL1B. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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