Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

IFNG

Interferon gamma

Also known as: IFNG_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P01579
Gene
IFNG
Ensembl
ENSG00000111537
Chromosome
12
Canonical length
166 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location
Secreted to blood
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a soluble cytokine that is a member of the type II interferon class. The encoded protein is secreted by cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The active protein is a homodimer that binds to the interferon gamma receptor which triggers a cellular response to viral and microbial infections. Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and to several autoimmune diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

166 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P01579|IFNG
     1  MKYTSYILAF QLCIVLGSLG CYCQDPYVKE AENLKKYFNA GHSDVADNGT LFLGILKNWK
    61  EESDRKIMQS QIVSFYFKLF KNFKDDQSIQ KSVETIKEDM NVKFFNSNKK KRDDFEKLTN
   121  YSVTDLNVQR KAIHELIQVM AELSPAAKTG KRKRSQMLFR GRRASQ

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against IFNG can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.47
Highest tissue expression
11 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • bone marrow: 11 nTPM
  • lymph node: 7 nTPM
  • appendix: 3.3 nTPM
  • lung: 1.7 nTPM
  • liver: 1.6 nTPM
  • spleen: 1.4 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • t-cells: 232 nCPM
  • nk-cells: 232 nCPM
  • pdcs: 40 nCPM
  • plasma cells: 11 nCPM
  • cdc: 8.3 nCPM
  • innate lymphoid cells: 6.7 nCPM

Immune cell

  • memory CD8 T-cell: 6.6 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 5.5 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 3.7 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 2.4 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 0.9 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 0.9 nTPM

Brain region

  • basal ganglia: 0.5 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 0.5 nTPM
  • thalamus: 0.4 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 0.3 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 0.3 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 0.3 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about IFNG.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions IFNG is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

2 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 44 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, rapid progression to
  • Immunodeficiency 69

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on IFNG was assayed in.

Disease | AutoantibodyPubMed

Conditions in which antibodies against IFNG are reported. Each links to that disease's full target list.

Showing 12 of 20 — disease pages carrying at least 10 antigens.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for IFNG from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

364 publications

Show 20 more of 364 total

Reference: B cellIEDB

1 publication

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.82
gnomAD pLI
0.47
gnomAD missense Z
1.61
DepMap mean gene effect
0.1
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of IFNG in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads IFNG as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against IFNG could matter depends on whether native IFNG is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

IFNG is annotated as secreted, so native IFNG circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Source-annotated serology context

The source annotations explicitly mention antibody, autoantibody, autoantigen, or autoimmune context. This is biological context, not study-specific reactivity.

  • Mutations in this gene are associated with an increased susceptibility to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections and to several autoimmune diseases.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/IFNG. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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