Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

DLX1

Homeobox protein DLX-1

Also known as: DLX1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P56177
Gene
DLX1
Ensembl
ENSG00000144355
Chromosome
2
Canonical length
255 aa
Protein class
Predicted intracellular proteins, Transcription factors
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Vesicles,Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of a homeobox transcription factor gene family similiar to the Drosophila distal-less gene. The encoded protein is localized to the nucleus where it may function as a transcriptional regulator of signals from multiple TGF-{beta} superfamily members. The encoded protein may play a role in the control of craniofacial patterning and the differentiation and survival of inhibitory neurons in the forebrain. This gene is located in a tail-to-tail configuration with another member of the family on the long arm of chromosome 2. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

255 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P56177|DLX1
     1  MTMTTMPESL NSPVSGKAVF MEFGPPNQQM SPSPMSHGHY SMHCLHSAGH SQPDGAYSSA
    61  SSFSRPLGYP YVNSVSSHAS SPYISSVQSY PGSASLAQSR LEDPGADSEK STVVEGGEVR
   121  FNGKGKKIRK PRTIYSSLQL QALNRRFQQT QYLALPERAE LAASLGLTQT QVKIWFQNKR
   181  SKFKKLMKQG GAALEGSALA NGRALSAGSP PVPPGWNPNS SSGKGSGGNA GSYIPSYTSW
   241  YPSAHQEAMQ QPQLM

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against DLX1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.65
Highest tissue expression
17 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • hypothalamus: 17 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 12 nTPM
  • amygdala: 7.8 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 4.4 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 2.4 nTPM
  • adrenal gland: 1.2 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • other brain neurons: 19 nCPM
  • brain inhibitory neurons: 18 nCPM
  • schwann cells: 14 nCPM
  • tuft cells: 12 nCPM
  • adrenal medulla cells: 11 nCPM
  • megakaryocytes: 6.2 nCPM

Immune cell

  • plasmacytoid DC: 0.1 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • hypothalamus: 44 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 14 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 11 nTPM
  • white matter: 8.2 nTPM
  • amygdala: 6.2 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 5.6 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.29
gnomAD pLI
0.96
gnomAD missense Z
1.82
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.03
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of DLX1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads DLX1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against DLX1 could matter depends on whether native DLX1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

DLX1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label DLX1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/DLX1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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