Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

ANO2

Anoctamin-2

Also known as: ANO2_HUMAN, C12orf3, TMEM16B

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q9NQ90
Gene: ANO2
Ensembl: ENSG00000047617
Chromosome: 12
Canonical length: 1003 aa
Protein class: Predicted membrane proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location: Nucleoplasm,Plasma membrane
Quaternary structure: Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

ANO2 belongs to a family of calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) (reviewed by Hartzell et al., 2009 [PubMed 19015192]).[supplied by OMIM, Jan 2011]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

1003 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9NQ90|ANO2
     1  MATPGPRDIP LLPGSPRRLS PQAGSRGGQG PKHGQQCLKM PGPRAPGLQG GSNRDPGQPC
    61  GGESTRSSSV INNYLDANEP VSLEARLSRM HFHDSQRKVD YVLAYHYRKR GVHLAQGFPG
   121  HSLAIVSNGE TGKEPHAGGP GDIELGPLDA LEEERKEQRE EFEHNLMEAG LELEKDLENK
   181  SQGSIFVRIH APWQVLAREA EFLKIKVPTK KEMYEIKAGG SIAKKFSAAL QKLSSHLQPR
   241  VPEHSNNKMK NLSYPFSREK MYLYNIQEKD TFFDNATRSR IVHEILKRTA CSRANNTMGI
   301  NSLIANNIYE AAYPLHDGEY DSPEDDMNDR KLLYQEWARY GVFYKFQPID LIRKYFGEKI
   361  GLYFAWLGLY TSFLIPSSVI GVIVFLYGCA TIEEDIPSRE MCDQQNAFTM CPLCDKSCDY
   421  WNLSSACGTA QASHLFDNPA TVFFSIFMAL WATMFLENWK RLQMRLGYFW DLTGIEEEEE
   481  RAQEHSRPEY ETKVREKMLK ESNQSAVQKL ETNTTECGDE DDEDKLTWKD RFPGYLMNFA
   541  SILFMIALTF SIVFGVIVYR ITTAAALSLN KATRSNVRVT VTATAVIINL VVILILDEIY
   601  GAVAKWLTKI EVPKTEQTFE ERLILKAFLL KFVNAYSPIF YVAFFKGRFV GRPGSYVYVF
   661  DGYRMEECAP GGCLMELCIQ LSIIMLGKQL IQNNIFEIGV PKLKKLFRKL KDETEAGETD
   721  SAHSKHPEQW DLDYSLEPYT GLTPEYMEMI IQFGFVTLFV ASFPLAPVFA LLNNVIEVRL
   781  DAKKFVTELR RPDAVRTKDI GIWFDILSGI GKFSVISNAF VIAITSDFIP RLVYQYSYSH
   841  NGTLHGFVNH TLSFFNVSQL KEGTQPENSQ FDQEVQFCRF KDYREPPWAP NPYEFSKQYW
   901  FILSARLAFV IIFQNLVMFL SVLVDWMIPD IPTDISDQIK KEKSLLVDFF LKEEHEKLKL
   961  MDEPALRSPG GGDRSRSRAA SSAPSGQSQL GSMMSSGSQH TNV

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ANO2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Cell surface
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 8
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.35
Highest tissue expression: 191 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

retina: 191 nTPM
testis: 8.6 nTPM
choroid plexus: 3.1 nTPM
tongue: 3 nTPM
placenta: 2.9 nTPM
adipose tissue: 2.4 nTPM

Single-cell type

rod photoreceptor cells: 2,368 nCPM
cone photoreceptor cells: 1,062 nCPM
vascular endothelial cells: 819 nCPM
late spermatids: 547 nCPM
lymphatic endothelial cells: 133 nCPM
early spermatids: 106 nCPM

Immune cell

basophil: 1.3 nTPM
neutrophil: 0.2 nTPM
classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
eosinophil: 0 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM

Brain region

choroid plexus: 9 nTPM
basal ganglia: 7.6 nTPM
thalamus: 7.3 nTPM
amygdala: 6.6 nTPM
pons: 6.2 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 5.7 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about ANO2.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on ANO2 was assayed in.

multiple sclerosis B cell

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for ANO2 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

3 publications

Molecular mimicry between Anoctamin 2 and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 associates with multiple sclerosis risk.
2019 · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · RCR 8.3 · 195 citations
Anoctamin 2 identified as an autoimmune target in multiple sclerosis.
2016 · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · RCR 3.2 · 94 citations
Antibodies against the flotillin-1/2 complex in patients with multiple sclerosis.
2023 · Brain Commun · RCR 0.3 · 3 citations

Reference: B cellIEDB

2 publications

Antibody reactivity against EBNA1 and GlialCAM differentiates multiple sclerosis patients from healthy controls.
2025 · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · RCR 13 · 38 citations
Anoctamin 2 identified as an autoimmune target in multiple sclerosis.
2016 · Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · RCR 3.2 · 94 citations

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.96
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: -0.01
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.13
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads ANO2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against ANO2 could matter depends on whether native ANO2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

ANO2 is annotated at the cell surface, where native ANO2 is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label ANO2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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