Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

ACSL1

Long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase 1

Also known as: ACS1, ACSL1_HUMAN, FACL1, FACL2, LACS, LACS1, LACS2

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P33121
Gene
ACSL1
Ensembl
ENSG00000151726
Chromosome
4
Canonical length
698 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins
Subcellular location
Vesicles

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is an isozyme of the long-chain fatty-acid-coenzyme A ligase family. Although differing in substrate specificity, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution, all isozymes of this family convert free long-chain fatty acids into fatty acyl-CoA esters, and thereby play a key role in lipid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

698 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P33121|ACSL1
     1  MQAHELFRYF RMPELVDFRQ YVRTLPTNTL MGFGAFAALT TFWYATRPKP LKPPCDLSMQ
    61  SVEVAGSGGA RRSALLDSDE PLVYFYDDVT TLYEGFQRGI QVSNNGPCLG SRKPDQPYEW
   121  LSYKQVAELS ECIGSALIQK GFKTAPDQFI GIFAQNRPEW VIIEQGCFAY SMVIVPLYDT
   181  LGNEAITYIV NKAELSLVFV DKPEKAKLLL EGVENKLIPG LKIIVVMDAY GSELVERGQR
   241  CGVEVTSMKA MEDLGRANRR KPKPPAPEDL AVICFTSGTT GNPKGAMVTH RNIVSDCSAF
   301  VKATENTVNP CPDDTLISFL PLAHMFERVV ECVMLCHGAK IGFFQGDIRL LMDDLKVLQP
   361  TVFPVVPRLL NRMFDRIFGQ ANTTLKRWLL DFASKRKEAE LRSGIIRNNS LWDRLIFHKV
   421  QSSLGGRVRL MVTGAAPVSA TVLTFLRAAL GCQFYEGYGQ TECTAGCCLT MPGDWTAGHV
   481  GAPMPCNLIK LVDVEEMNYM AAEGEGEVCV KGPNVFQGYL KDPAKTAEAL DKDGWLHTGD
   541  IGKWLPNGTL KIIDRKKHIF KLAQGEYIAP EKIENIYMRS EPVAQVFVHG ESLQAFLIAI
   601  VVPDVETLCS WAQKRGFEGS FEELCRNKDV KKAILEDMVR LGKDSGLKPF EQVKGITLHP
   661  ELFSIDNGLL TPTMKAKRPE LRNYFRSQID DLYSTIKV

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ACSL1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Other membrane
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.24
Highest tissue expression
1,069 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • liver: 1,069 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 697 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 680 nTPM
  • tongue: 397 nTPM
  • breast: 321 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 238 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neutrophils: 13,299 nCPM
  • monocytes: 2,703 nCPM
  • hepatocytes: 1,379 nCPM
  • adipocytes: 1,335 nCPM
  • neutrophil progenitors: 1,214 nCPM
  • monocyte progenitors: 945 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 456 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 53 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 30 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 21 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 20 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 17 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 117 nTPM
  • thalamus: 106 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 106 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 98 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 93 nTPM
  • pons: 82 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.48
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
1.4
DepMap mean gene effect
0
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads ACSL1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against ACSL1 could matter depends on whether native ACSL1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

ACSL1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label ACSL1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/ACSL1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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