Somatostatin receptor family
IPR000586
Definition
Somatostatin (SST), also known as somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF), is a hypothalamic hormone, a pancreatic hormone, and a central and peripheral neurotransmitter. Somatostatin has a wide distribution throughout the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in peripheral tissues, for example in the pituitary, pancreas and stomach. The various actions of somatostatin are mediated by a family of rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which comprise of five distinct subtypes: Somatostatin receptor 1 (SSTR1), Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2), Somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), Somatostatin receptor 4 (SSTR4) and Somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) [[cite:PMID:14507421], [cite:PMID:7792934], [cite:PMID:14507421]]. These subtypes are widely expressed in many tissues [[cite:PMID:8243278], [cite:PMID:8078491], [cite:PMID:7907795], [cite:PMID:1346068], [cite:PMID:8483934], [cite:PMID:15361490]], and frequently multiple subtypes coexist in the same cell PMID:10433861. The somatostatin receptor subtypes also share common signalling pathways, such as the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase [[cite:PMID:10598790], [cite:PMID:1328199]], activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) through G protein-dependent mechanisms. Some of the subtypes are also coupled to inward rectifying K+ channels (SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, SSTR5) [[cite:PMID:7538774], [cite:PMID:9426226]], to voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (SSTR1, SSTR2) PMID:8684611, to an Na+/H+ exchanger (SSTR1), AMPA/kainate glutamate channels (SSTR1, SSTR2), phospholipase C (SSTR2, SSTR5), and phospholipase A2 (SSTR4) PMID:10433861. This entry represents the somatostatin family.
5 human proteins with this domain
Each is a reviewed human protein in the Seroatlas serome and a potential autoantibody target; this domain groups them into one antibody-relevant category. Every entry links to its own record.
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