Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TWSG1

Twisted gastrulation protein homolog 1

Also known as: TSG, TWSG1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q9GZX9
Gene
TWSG1
Ensembl
ENSG00000128791
Chromosome
18
Canonical length
223 aa
Protein class
Predicted secreted proteins
Subcellular location
Centrosome,Cytosol
Secretome location
Secreted - unknown location

OverviewNCBI Gene

Enables transforming growth factor beta binding activity. Involved in negative regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation; negative regulation of cytokine production; and positive regulation of transmembrane receptor protein serine/threonine kinase signaling pathway. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

223 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9GZX9|TWSG1
     1  MKLHYVAVLT LAILMFLTWL PESLSCNKAL CASDVSKCLI QELCQCRPGE GNCSCCKECM
    61  LCLGALWDEC CDCVGMCNPR NYSDTPPTSK STVEELHEPI PSLFRALTEG DTQLNWNIVS
   121  FPVAEELSHH ENLVSFLETV NQPHHQNVSV PSNNVHAPYS SDKEHMCTVV YFDDCMSIHQ
   181  CKISCESMGA SKYRWFHNAC CECIGPECID YGSKTVKCMN CMF

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TWSG1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.4
Highest tissue expression
75 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • smooth muscle: 75 nTPM
  • seminal vesicle: 61 nTPM
  • blood vessel: 57 nTPM
  • endometrium: 48 nTPM
  • epididymis: 43 nTPM
  • ovary: 43 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • renal collecting duct principal cells: 204 nCPM
  • respiratory ionocytes: 185 nCPM
  • late primary spermatocytes: 161 nCPM
  • epididymal basal cells: 136 nCPM
  • epididymal efferent duct absorptive cells: 136 nCPM
  • vascular smooth muscle cells: 135 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 8.3 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 5.5 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 5.3 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 4.8 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 4.5 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 4.3 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 25 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 20 nTPM
  • white matter: 20 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 19 nTPM
  • midbrain: 18 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 18 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.03
gnomAD pLI
0.01
gnomAD missense Z
0.95
DepMap mean gene effect
0.12
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

  • Tsg
  • Tsg, N-terminal
  • Tsg, C-terminal domain
  • Twisted gastrulation (Tsg) protein conserved region
  • Twisted gastrulation (Tsg) protein N-terminal domain

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of TWSG1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TWSG1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TWSG1 could matter depends on whether native TWSG1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TWSG1 is annotated as secreted, so native TWSG1 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TWSG1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TWSG1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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