Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

SPAM1

Hyaluronidase PH-20

Also known as: HYAL5, HYALP_HUMAN, PH-20, SPAG15

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P38567
Gene
SPAM1
Ensembl
ENSG00000106304
Chromosome
7
Canonical length
509 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins

OverviewNCBI Gene

Hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid, a major structural proteoglycan found in extracellular matrices and basement membranes. Six members of the hyaluronidase family are clustered into two tightly linked groups on chromosome 3p21.3 and 7q31.3. This gene was previously referred to as HYAL1 and HYA1 and has since been assigned the official symbol SPAM1; another family member on chromosome 3p21.3 has been assigned HYAL1. This gene encodes a GPI-anchored enzyme located on the human sperm surface and inner acrosomal membrane. This multifunctional protein is a hyaluronidase that enables sperm to penetrate through the hyaluronic acid-rich cumulus cell layer surrounding the oocyte, a receptor that plays a role in hyaluronic acid induced cell signaling, and a receptor that is involved in sperm-zona pellucida adhesion. Abnormal expression of this gene in tumors has implicated this protein in degradation of basement membranes leading to tumor invasion and metastasis. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2010]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

509 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P38567|SPAM1
     1  MGVLKFKHIF FRSFVKSSGV SQIVFTFLLI PCCLTLNFRA PPVIPNVPFL WAWNAPSEFC
    61  LGKFDEPLDM SLFSFIGSPR INATGQGVTI FYVDRLGYYP YIDSITGVTV NGGIPQKISL
   121  QDHLDKAKKD ITFYMPVDNL GMAVIDWEEW RPTWARNWKP KDVYKNRSIE LVQQQNVQLS
   181  LTEATEKAKQ EFEKAGKDFL VETIKLGKLL RPNHLWGYYL FPDCYNHHYK KPGYNGSCFN
   241  VEIKRNDDLS WLWNESTALY PSIYLNTQQS PVAATLYVRN RVREAIRVSK IPDAKSPLPV
   301  FAYTRIVFTD QVLKFLSQDE LVYTFGETVA LGASGIVIWG TLSIMRSMKS CLLLDNYMET
   361  ILNPYIINVT LAAKMCSQVL CQEQGVCIRK NWNSSDYLHL NPDNFAIQLE KGGKFTVRGK
   421  PTLEDLEQFS EKFYCSCYST LSCKEKADVK DTDAVDVCIA DGVCIDAFLK PPMETEEPQI
   481  FYNASPSTLS ATMFIVSILF LIISSVASL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against SPAM1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.29
Highest tissue expression
16 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • testis: 16 nTPM
  • duodenum: 0.4 nTPM
  • small intestine: 0.3 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 0.2 nTPM
  • placenta: 0.1 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 0 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • early spermatids: 352 nCPM
  • late spermatids: 187 nCPM
  • late primary spermatocytes: 117 nCPM
  • myonuclei: 5.6 nCPM
  • syncytiotrophoblasts: 4.3 nCPM
  • cytotrophoblasts: 2.2 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • basal ganglia: 0.1 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 0.1 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 0.1 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 0.1 nTPM
  • white matter: 0.1 nTPM
  • amygdala: 0 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.24
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
1
DepMap mean gene effect
0.08
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads SPAM1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against SPAM1 could matter depends on whether native SPAM1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

SPAM1 is annotated at the cell surface, where native SPAM1 is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label SPAM1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/SPAM1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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