Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PTGES

Prostaglandin E synthase

Also known as: MGST-IV, MGST1-L1, MGST1L1, PIG12, PTGES_HUMAN, TP53I12

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: O14684
Gene: PTGES
Ensembl: ENSG00000148344
Chromosome: 9
Canonical length: 152 aa
Protein class: Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted membrane proteins
Subcellular location: Endoplasmic reticulum
Quaternary structure: Homotrimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-dependent prostaglandin E synthase. The expression of this gene has been shown to be induced by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 beta (IL1B). Its expression can also be induced by tumor suppressor protein TP53, and may be involved in TP53 induced apoptosis. Knockout studies in mice suggest that this gene may contribute to the pathogenesis of collagen-induced arthritis and mediate acute pain during inflammatory responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

152 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O14684|PTGES
     1  MPAHSLVMSS PALPAFLLCS TLLVIKMYVV AIITGQVRLR KKAFANPEDA LRHGGPQYCR
    61  SDPDVERCLR AHRNDMETIY PFLFLGFVYS FLGPNPFVAW MHFLVFLVGR VAHTVAYLGK
   121  LRAPIRSVTY TLAQLPCASM ALQILWEAAR HL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PTGES can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 4
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.31
Highest tissue expression: 80 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

seminal vesicle: 80 nTPM
urinary bladder: 73 nTPM
placenta: 55 nTPM
parathyroid gland: 40 nTPM
skin: 39 nTPM
adipose tissue: 35 nTPM

Single-cell type

extravillous trophoblasts: 406 nCPM
migrating cytotrophoblasts: 327 nCPM
syncytiotrophoblasts: 318 nCPM
cytotrophoblasts: 144 nCPM
ocular epithelial cells: 121 nCPM
salivary duct cells: 119 nCPM

Immune cell

basophil: 29 nTPM
non-classical monocyte: 4.1 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 2.2 nTPM
neutrophil: 1.9 nTPM
total PBMC: 0.3 nTPM
myeloid DC: 0.1 nTPM

Brain region

pons: 9.4 nTPM
midbrain: 6.9 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 6.1 nTPM
hypothalamus: 4.9 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 4.2 nTPM
thalamus: 4.2 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 0.73
gnomAD pLI: 0.71
gnomAD missense Z: 1.31
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.16
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PTGES as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PTGES could matter depends on whether native PTGES is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PTGES is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PTGES as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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