Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PARL

Presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protein, mitochondrial

Also known as: PARL_HUMAN, PRO2207, PSARL, PSARL1, RHBDS1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q9H300
Gene
PARL
Ensembl
ENSG00000175193
Chromosome
3
Canonical length
379 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location
Mitochondria

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the rhomboid family of intramembrane serine proteases that is localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The encoded protein regulates mitochondrial remodeling and apoptosis through regulated substrate proteolysis. Proteolytic processing of the encoded protein results in the release of a small peptide, P-beta, which may transit to the nucleus. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Parkinson's disease. [provided by RefSeq, May 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

379 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9H300|PARL
     1  MAWRGWAQRG WGCGQAWGAS VGGRSCEELT AVLTPPQLLG RRFNFFIQQK CGFRKAPRKV
    61  EPRRSDPGTS GEAYKRSALI PPVEETVFYP SPYPIRSLIK PLFFTVGFTG CAFGSAAIWQ
   121  YESLKSRVQS YFDGIKADWL DSIRPQKEGD FRKEINKWWN NLSDGQRTVT GIIAANVLVF
   181  CLWRVPSLQR TMIRYFTSNP ASKVLCSPML LSTFSHFSLF HMAANMYVLW SFSSSIVNIL
   241  GQEQFMAVYL SAGVISNFVS YVGKVATGRY GPSLGASGAI MTVLAAVCTK IPEGRLAIIF
   301  LPMFTFTAGN ALKAIIAMDT AGMILGWKFF DHAAHLGGAL FGIWYVTYGH ELIWKNREPL
   361  VKIWHEIRTN GPKKGGGSK

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PARL can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Other membrane
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
7
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.41
Highest tissue expression
93 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • choroid plexus: 93 nTPM
  • epididymis: 54 nTPM
  • heart muscle: 49 nTPM
  • skeletal muscle: 49 nTPM
  • tongue: 48 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 45 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • oocytes: 143 nCPM
  • microglia: 79 nCPM
  • choroid plexus epithelial cells: 78 nCPM
  • parietal cells: 46 nCPM
  • oligodendrocytes: 43 nCPM
  • oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: 40 nCPM

Immune cell

  • classical monocyte: 144 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 134 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 133 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 116 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 108 nTPM
  • basophil: 98 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 27 nTPM
  • midbrain: 23 nTPM
  • white matter: 22 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 21 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 21 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 21 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.75
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
-0.08
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.33
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 14% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of PARL in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PARL as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PARL could matter depends on whether native PARL is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PARL is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PARL as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/PARL. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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