Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

MMD

Monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor

Also known as: MMA, PAQR11, PAQRB_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q15546
Gene: MMD
Ensembl: ENSG00000108960
Chromosome: 17
Canonical length: 238 aa
Protein class: Predicted membrane proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location: Vesicles

OverviewNCBI Gene

This protein is expressed by in vitro differentiated macrophages but not freshly isolated monocytes. Although sequence analysis identifies seven potential transmembrane domains, this protein has little homology to G-protein receptors and it has not been positively identified as a receptor. A suggested alternative function is that of an ion channel protein in maturing macrophages. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

238 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q15546|MMD
     1  MRFKNRFQRF MNHRAPANGR YKPTCYEHAA NCYTHAFLIV PAIVGSALLH RLSDDCWEKI
    61  TAWIYGMGLC ALFIVSTVFH IVSWKKSHLR TVEHCFHMCD RMVIYFFIAA SYAPWLNLRE
   121  LGPLASHMRW FIWLMAAGGT IYVFLYHEKY KVVELFFYLT MGFSPALVVT SMNNTDGLQE
   181  LACGGLIYCL GVVFFKSDGI IPFAHAIWHL FVATAAAVHY YAIWKYLYRS PTDFMRHL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against MMD can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Other membrane
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 7
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.28
Highest tissue expression: 143 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

adipose tissue: 143 nTPM
basal ganglia: 102 nTPM
amygdala: 85 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 73 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 58 nTPM
midbrain: 33 nTPM

Single-cell type

platelets: 2,538 nCPM
adipocytes: 216 nCPM
kupffer cells: 138 nCPM
early primary spermatocytes: 63 nCPM
megakaryocytes: 62 nCPM
microglia: 62 nCPM

Immune cell

total PBMC: 18 nTPM
basophil: 14 nTPM
naive B-cell: 5 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 4.9 nTPM
neutrophil: 4.6 nTPM
memory B-cell: 4.5 nTPM

Brain region

hippocampal formation: 183 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 120 nTPM
basal ganglia: 116 nTPM
amygdala: 112 nTPM
midbrain: 62 nTPM
white matter: 56 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.08
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: 1.69
DepMap mean gene effect: 0
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads MMD as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against MMD could matter depends on whether native MMD is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

MMD is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label MMD as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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