IFNB1

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession

P01574

Gene

IFNB1

Ensembl

ENSG00000171855

Chromosome

9

Canonical length

187 aa

Protein class

Cancer-related genes, Predicted secreted proteins

Secretome location

Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a cytokine that belongs to the interferon family of signaling proteins, which are released as part of the innate immune response to pathogens. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the type I class of interferons, which are important for defense against viral infections. In addition, type I interferons are involved in cell differentiation and anti-tumor defenses. Following secretion in response to a pathogen, type I interferons bind a homologous receptor complex and induce transcription of genes such as those encoding inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Overactivation of type I interferon secretion is linked to autoimmune diseases. Mice deficient for this gene display several phenotypes including defects in B cell maturation and increased susceptibility to viral infection. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

187 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P01574|IFNB1
     1  MTNKCLLQIA LLLCFSTTAL SMSYNLLGFL QRSSNFQCQK LLWQLNGRLE YCLKDRMNFD
    61  IPEEIKQLQQ FQKEDAALTI YEMLQNIFAI FRQDSSSTGW NETIVENLLA NVYHQINHLK
   121  TVLEEKLEKE DFTRGKLMSS LHLKRYYGRI LHYLKAKEYS HCAWTIVRVE ILRNFYFINR
   181  LTGYLRN

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against IFNB1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability

Secreted

Secreted

Yes

Transmembrane segments

0

Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)

0.3

Highest tissue expression

0.5 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about IFNB1.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on IFNB1 was assayed in.

• multiple sclerosis B cell

Disease | AutoantibodyPubMed

Conditions in which antibodies against IFNB1 are reported. Each links to that disease's full target list.

• Multiple Sclerosis 9

Showing 1 of 2 — disease pages carrying at least 10 antigens.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for IFNB1 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD missense Z

-0.76

DepMap mean gene effect

0.27

DepMap dependency class

none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

• adaptive immune response
• B cell activation involved in immune response
• B cell proliferation
• cell surface receptor signaling pathway
• cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
• cell surface receptor signaling pathway via STAT
• cellular response to exogenous dsRNA
• cellular response to interferon-beta
• cellular response to virus
• cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
• defense response to virus
• humoral immune response
• innate immune response
• natural killer cell activation
• natural killer cell activation involved in immune response
• negative regulation of T cell differentiation
• negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production
• negative regulation of viral genome replication
• neuron cellular homeostasis
• positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway
• positive regulation of autophagy
• positive regulation of innate immune response
• positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
• response to exogenous dsRNA
• response to virus
• T cell activation involved in immune response
• type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway
• negative regulation of Lewy body formation
• regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process

Molecular functions

• cytokine activity
• cytokine receptor binding
• type I interferon receptor binding
• chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity

Cellular components

• extracellular region
• extracellular space

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

• Interferon alpha/beta/delta
• Four-helical cytokine-like, core
• Interferon alpha/beta domain

KeywordsUniProt

• Antiviral defense
• Cytokine
• Disulfide bond
• Glycoprotein
• Pharmaceutical
• Phosphoprotein
• Secreted
• Signal