Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

HBZ

Hemoglobin subunit zeta

Also known as: HBAZ_HUMAN, HBZ-T1, HBZ1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P02008
Gene: HBZ
Ensembl: ENSG00000130656
Chromosome: 16
Canonical length: 142 aa
Protein class: Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Nucleoplasm,Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

Zeta-globin is an alpha-like hemoglobin. The zeta-globin polypeptide is synthesized in the yolk sac of the early embryo, while alpha-globin is produced throughout fetal and adult life. The zeta-globin gene is a member of the human alpha-globin gene cluster that includes five functional genes and two pseudogenes. The order of genes is: 5' - zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 -alpha-1 - theta1 - 3'. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2009]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

142 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P02008|HBZ
     1  MSLTKTERTI IVSMWAKIST QADTIGTETL ERLFLSHPQT KTYFPHFDLH PGSAQLRAHG
    61  SKVVAAVGDA VKSIDDIGGA LSKLSELHAY ILRVDPVNFK LLSHCLLVTL AARFPADFTA
   121  EAHAAWDKFL SVVSSVLTEK YR

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against HBZ can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Unknown
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.29
Highest tissue expression: 14 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

testis: 14 nTPM
bone marrow: 3.7 nTPM
choroid plexus: 1.2 nTPM
amygdala: 0.6 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 0.6 nTPM
cervix: 0.6 nTPM

Single-cell type

late spermatids: 227 nCPM
early spermatids: 39 nCPM
hepatic stellate cells: 6.5 nCPM
extravillous trophoblasts: 5.1 nCPM
melanocytes: 2.3 nCPM
cone photoreceptor cells: 2.1 nCPM

Immune cell

basophil: 0 nTPM
classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
eosinophil: 0 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

choroid plexus: 2 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 1.4 nTPM
amygdala: 1.2 nTPM
basal ganglia: 1.1 nTPM
white matter: 1 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 0.9 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.91
gnomAD pLI: 0.02
gnomAD missense Z: 0.25
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.03
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

Globin
Hemoglobin, alpha-type
Globin-like superfamily
Globin/Protoglobin
Hemoglobin and related oxygen transporters
Globin
Hemoglobin, zeta

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of HBZ in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads HBZ as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against HBZ could matter depends on whether native HBZ is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

HBZ is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label HBZ as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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