Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GZMH

Granzyme H

Also known as: CCP-X, CGL-2, CSP-C, CTLA1, CTSGL2, GRAH_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P20718
Gene
GZMH
Ensembl
ENSG00000100450
Chromosome
14
Canonical length
246 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location
Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the peptidase S1 family of serine proteases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate a chymotrypsin-like protease. This protein is reported to be constitutively expressed in the NK (natural killer) cells of the immune system and may play a role in the cytotoxic arm of the innate immune response by inducing target cell death and by directly cleaving substrates in pathogen-infected cells. This gene is present in a gene cluster with another member of the granzyme subfamily on chromosome 14. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

246 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P20718|GZMH
     1  MQPFLLLLAF LLTPGAGTEE IIGGHEAKPH SRPYMAFVQF LQEKSRKRCG GILVRKDFVL
    61  TAAHCQGSSI NVTLGAHNIK EQERTQQFIP VKRPIPHPAY NPKNFSNDIM LLQLERKAKW
   121  TTAVRPLRLP SSKAQVKPGQ LCSVAGWGYV SMSTLATTLQ EVLLTVQKDC QCERLFHGNY
   181  SRATEICVGD PKKTQTGFKG DSGGPLVCKD VAQGILSYGN KKGTPPGVYI KVSHFLPWIK
   241  RTMKRL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GZMH can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.28
Highest tissue expression
32 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • bone marrow: 32 nTPM
  • lymph node: 24 nTPM
  • spleen: 23 nTPM
  • lung: 15 nTPM
  • salivary gland: 7.5 nTPM
  • urinary bladder: 7 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • nk-cells: 163 nCPM
  • t-cells: 149 nCPM
  • pdcs: 9.9 nCPM
  • cholangiocytes: 7.9 nCPM
  • plasma cells: 3.2 nCPM
  • kupffer cells: 3.1 nCPM

Immune cell

  • gdT-cell: 1,683 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 1,437 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 1,390 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 1,218 nTPM
  • memory CD4 T-cell: 493 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 252 nTPM

Brain region

  • medulla oblongata: 2.1 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 1.3 nTPM
  • pons: 1 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 0.9 nTPM
  • thalamus: 0.9 nTPM
  • white matter: 0.9 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.77
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
-0.6
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.16
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of GZMH in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GZMH as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GZMH could matter depends on whether native GZMH is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GZMH is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GZMH as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/GZMH. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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