Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GREM1

Gremlin-1

Also known as: CKTSF1B1, CRAC1, DAND2, DRM, GREM1_HUMAN, gremlin, HMPS

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
O60565
Gene
GREM1
Ensembl
ENSG00000166923
Chromosome
15
Canonical length
184 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location
Secreted to blood
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the BMP (bone morphogenic protein) antagonist family. Like BMPs, BMP antagonists contain cystine knots and typically form homo- and heterodimers. The CAN (cerberus and dan) subfamily of BMP antagonists, to which this gene belongs, is characterized by a C-terminal cystine knot with an eight-membered ring. The antagonistic effect of the secreted glycosylated protein encoded by this gene is likely due to its direct binding to BMP proteins. As an antagonist of BMP, this gene may play a role in regulating organogenesis, body patterning, and tissue differentiation. In mouse, this protein has been shown to relay the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signal from the polarizing region to the apical ectodermal ridge during limb bud outgrowth. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

184 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O60565|GREM1
     1  MSRTAYTVGA LLLLLGTLLP AAEGKKKGSQ GAIPPPDKAQ HNDSEQTQSP QQPGSRNRGR
    61  GQGRGTAMPG EEVLESSQEA LHVTERKYLK RDWCKTQPLK QTIHEEGCNS RTIINRFCYG
   121  QCNSFYIPRH IRKEEGSFQS CSFCKPKKFT TMMVTLNCPE LQPPTKKKRV TRVKQCRCIS
   181  IDLD

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GREM1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.49
Highest tissue expression
106 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • gallbladder: 106 nTPM
  • smooth muscle: 64 nTPM
  • vagina: 63 nTPM
  • small intestine: 60 nTPM
  • colon: 42 nTPM
  • stomach: 42 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • oligodendrocytes: 92 nCPM
  • renal collecting duct principal cells: 49 nCPM
  • papillary tip epithelial cells: 6.2 nCPM
  • brain inhibitory neurons: 3.5 nCPM
  • loop of henle epithelial cells: 2.9 nCPM
  • renal collecting duct intercalated cells: 1.3 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 0.1 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 0.1 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 15 nTPM
  • thalamus: 11 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 9.7 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 8.9 nTPM
  • midbrain: 8.5 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 7.8 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about GREM1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions GREM1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

  • Polyposis syndrome, mixed hereditary 1 (HMPS1) MIM:601228

Disease | GeneticClinVar

1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 454 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.82
gnomAD pLI
0.47
gnomAD missense Z
1.55
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.04
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of GREM1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GREM1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GREM1 could matter depends on whether native GREM1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GREM1 is annotated as secreted, so native GREM1 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GREM1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/GREM1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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