Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GGT1

Glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme

Also known as: CD224, D22S672, D22S732, GGT, GGT1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P19440
Gene
GGT1
Ensembl
ENSG00000100031
Chromosome
22
Canonical length
569 aa
Protein class
Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, CD markers, Disease related genes, Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins
Subcellular location
Vesicles
Secretome location
Intracellular and membrane

OverviewNCBI Gene

The enzyme encoded by this gene is a type I gamma-glutamyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. The enzyme is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain, which are derived from a single precursor protein. It is expressed in tissues involved in absorption and secretion and may contribute to the etiology of diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Multiple alternatively spliced variants have been identified. There are a number of related genes present on chromosomes 20 and 22, and putative pseudogenes for this gene on chromosomes 2, 13, and 22. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2014]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

569 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P19440|GGT1
     1  MKKKLVVLGL LAVVLVLVIV GLCLWLPSAS KEPDNHVYTR AAVAADAKQC SKIGRDALRD
    61  GGSAVDAAIA ALLCVGLMNA HSMGIGGGLF LTIYNSTTRK AEVINAREVA PRLAFATMFN
   121  SSEQSQKGGL SVAVPGEIRG YELAHQRHGR LPWARLFQPS IQLARQGFPV GKGLAAALEN
   181  KRTVIEQQPV LCEVFCRDRK VLREGERLTL PQLADTYETL AIEGAQAFYN GSLTAQIVKD
   241  IQAAGGIVTA EDLNNYRAEL IEHPLNISLG DVVLYMPSAP LSGPVLALIL NILKGYNFSR
   301  ESVESPEQKG LTYHRIVEAF RFAYAKRTLL GDPKFVDVTE VVRNMTSEFF AAQLRAQISD
   361  DTTHPISYYK PEFYTPDDGG TAHLSVVAED GSAVSATSTI NLYFGSKVRS PVSGILFNNE
   421  MDDFSSPSIT NEFGVPPSPA NFIQPGKQPL SSMCPTIMVG QDGQVRMVVG AAGGTQITTA
   481  TALAIIYNLW FGYDVKRAVE EPRLHNQLLP NVTTVERNID QAVTAALETR HHHTQIASTF
   541  IAVVQAIVRT AGGWAAASDS RKGGEPAGY

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GGT1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.2
Highest tissue expression
150 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • kidney: 150 nTPM
  • liver: 104 nTPM
  • duodenum: 81 nTPM
  • small intestine: 75 nTPM
  • epididymis: 69 nTPM
  • pancreas: 56 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • proximal tubule cells: 129 nCPM
  • enterocytes: 49 nCPM
  • epididymal principal cells: 30 nCPM
  • colonocytes: 22 nCPM
  • loop of henle epithelial cells: 16 nCPM
  • gastric chief cells: 15 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 16 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 12 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 6.5 nTPM
  • T-reg: 6.5 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 6.1 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 5.7 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 19 nTPM
  • pons: 17 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 16 nTPM
  • thalamus: 14 nTPM
  • midbrain: 13 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 13 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about GGT1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions GGT1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.74
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.86
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.25
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GGT1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GGT1 could matter depends on whether native GGT1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GGT1 is annotated at the cell surface, where native GGT1 is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GGT1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/GGT1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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