Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GART

Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3

Also known as: GARS-AIRS-GART, PGFT, PRGS, PUR2_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P22102
Gene
GART
Ensembl
ENSG00000159131
Chromosome
21
Canonical length
1010 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, FDA approved drug targets, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Mitochondria,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a trifunctional polypeptide. It has phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase activity which is required for de novo purine biosynthesis. This enzyme is highly conserved in vertebrates. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

1010 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P22102|GART
     1  MAARVLIIGS GGREHTLAWK LAQSHHVKQV LVAPGNAGTA CSEKISNTAI SISDHTALAQ
    61  FCKEKKIEFV VVGPEAPLAA GIVGNLRSAG VQCFGPTAEA AQLESSKRFA KEFMDRHGIP
   121  TAQWKAFTKP EEACSFILSA DFPALVVKAS GLAAGKGVIV AKSKEEACKA VQEIMQEKAF
   181  GAAGETIVIE ELLDGEEVSC LCFTDGKTVA PMPPAQDHKR LLEGDGGPNT GGMGAYCPAP
   241  QVSNDLLLKI KDTVLQRTVD GMQQEGTPYT GILYAGIMLT KNGPKVLEFN CRFGDPECQV
   301  ILPLLKSDLY EVIQSTLDGL LCTSLPVWLE NHTALTVVMA SKGYPGDYTK GVEITGFPEA
   361  QALGLEVFHA GTALKNGKVV THGGRVLAVT AIRENLISAL EEAKKGLAAI KFEGAIYRKD
   421  VGFRAIAFLQ QPRSLTYKES GVDIAAGNML VKKIQPLAKA TSRSGCKVDL GGFAGLFDLK
   481  AAGFKDPLLA SGTDGVGTKL KIAQLCNKHD TIGQDLVAMC VNDILAQGAE PLFFLDYFSC
   541  GKLDLSVTEA VVAGIAKACG KAGCALLGGE TAEMPDMYPP GEYDLAGFAV GAMERDQKLP
   601  HLERITEGDV VVGIASSGLH SNGFSLVRKI VAKSSLQYSS PAPDGCGDQT LGDLLLTPTR
   661  IYSHSLLPVL RSGHVKAFAH ITGGGLLENI PRVLPEKLGV DLDAQTWRIP RVFSWLQQEG
   721  HLSEEEMART FNCGVGAVLV VSKEQTEQIL RDIQQHKEEA WVIGSVVARA EGSPRVKVKN
   781  LIESMQINGS VLKNGSLTNH FSFEKKKARV AVLISGTGSN LQALIDSTRE PNSSAQIDIV
   841  ISNKAAVAGL DKAERAGIPT RVINHKLYKN RVEFDSAIDL VLEEFSIDIV CLAGFMRILS
   901  GPFVQKWNGK MLNIHPSLLP SFKGSNAHEQ ALETGVTVTG CTVHFVAEDV DAGQIILQEA
   961  VPVKRGDTVA TLSERVKLAE HKIFPAALQL VASGTVQLGE NGKICWVKEE

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GART can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.24
Highest tissue expression
36 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • tonsil: 36 nTPM
  • thymus: 32 nTPM
  • urinary bladder: 30 nTPM
  • lymph node: 28 nTPM
  • liver: 28 nTPM
  • testis: 27 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • cardiomyocytes: 189 nCPM
  • epicardial cells: 141 nCPM
  • erythrocyte progenitors: 111 nCPM
  • basal keratinocytes: 70 nCPM
  • suprabasal keratinocytes: 67 nCPM
  • megakaryocyte progenitors: 66 nCPM

Immune cell

  • NK-cell: 44 nTPM
  • T-reg: 34 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 34 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 32 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 31 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 31 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 30 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 28 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 27 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 27 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 27 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 26 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about GART.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

1 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 145 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.5
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
1.11
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.52
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

  • ATP binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase activity
  • phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase activity
  • phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase activity

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GART as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GART could matter depends on whether native GART is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GART is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GART as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/GART. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

© 2026 · Seroatlas, Discover Oregon LLC · Terms of use

Loading the interactive Seroatlas protein explorer...