Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

GAL3ST1

Galactosylceramide sulfotransferase

Also known as: CST, G3ST1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q99999
Gene
GAL3ST1
Ensembl
ENSG00000128242
Chromosome
22
Canonical length
423 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Vesicles

OverviewNCBI Gene

Sulfonation, an important step in the metabolism of many drugs, xenobiotics, hormones, and neurotransmitters, is catalyzed by sulfotransferases. This gene encodes galactosylceramide sulfotransferase, which catalyzes the sulfation of membrane glycolipids including the final step in the synthesis of sulfatide, a major lipid component of the myelin sheath. This gene exhibits elevated expression in ovarian epithelial carcinoma and the encoded enzyme exhibits elevated activity in renal cell carcinoma. Mutations in this gene may be associated with reduced insulin resistance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

423 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q99999|GAL3ST1
     1  MLPPQKKPWE SMAKGLVLGA LFTSFLLLVY SYAVPPLHAG LASTTPEAAA SCSPPALEPE
    61  AVIRANGSAG ECQPRRNIVF LKTHKTASST LLNILFRFGQ KHRLKFAFPN GRNDFDYPTF
   121  FARSLVQDYR PGACFNIICN HMRFHYDEVR GLVPTNAIFI TVLRDPARLF ESSFHYFGPV
   181  VPLTWKLSAG DKLTEFLQDP DRYYDPNGFN AHYLRNLLFF DLGYDNSLDP SSPQVQEHIL
   241  EVERRFHLVL LQEYFDESLV LLKDLLCWEL EDVLYFKLNA RRDSPVPRLS GELYGRATAW
   301  NMLDSHLYRH FNASFWRKVE AFGRERMARE VAALRHANER MRTICIDGGH AVDAAAIQDE
   361  AMQPWQPLGT KSILGYNLKK SIGQRHAQLC RRMLTPEIQY LMDLGANLWV TKLWKFIRDF
   421  LRW

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against GAL3ST1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Other membrane
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.29
Highest tissue expression
66 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • spinal cord: 66 nTPM
  • midbrain: 31 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 26 nTPM
  • small intestine: 23 nTPM
  • kidney: 22 nTPM
  • duodenum: 22 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • oligodendrocytes: 71 nCPM
  • enterocytes: 49 nCPM
  • oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: 45 nCPM
  • müller glia: 44 nCPM
  • loop of henle epithelial cells: 24 nCPM
  • early primary spermatocytes: 23 nCPM

Immune cell

  • plasmacytoid DC: 0.6 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 0.5 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 0.4 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 0.3 nTPM
  • basophil: 0.2 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0.1 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 110 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 76 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 75 nTPM
  • pons: 72 nTPM
  • midbrain: 67 nTPM
  • thalamus: 67 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.52
gnomAD pLI
0.67
gnomAD missense Z
1.73
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.04
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads GAL3ST1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against GAL3ST1 could matter depends on whether native GAL3ST1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

GAL3ST1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label GAL3ST1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/GAL3ST1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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