Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

FOLH1

Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2

Also known as: FOLH, FOLH1_HUMAN, GCP2, GCPII, NAALAD1, NAALAdase, PSM, PSMA

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q04609
Gene
FOLH1
Ensembl
ENSG00000086205
Chromosome
11
Canonical length
750 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Enzymes, FDA approved drug targets, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location
Intracellular and membrane
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the M28 peptidase family. The protein acts as a glutamate carboxypeptidase on different alternative substrates, including the nutrient folate and the neuropeptide N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate and is expressed in a number of tissues such as prostate, central and peripheral nervous system and kidney. A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. In the prostate the protein is up-regulated in cancerous cells and is used as an effective diagnostic and prognostic indicator of prostate cancer. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing gives rise to multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

750 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q04609|FOLH1
     1  MWNLLHETDS AVATARRPRW LCAGALVLAG GFFLLGFLFG WFIKSSNEAT NITPKHNMKA
    61  FLDELKAENI KKFLYNFTQI PHLAGTEQNF QLAKQIQSQW KEFGLDSVEL AHYDVLLSYP
   121  NKTHPNYISI INEDGNEIFN TSLFEPPPPG YENVSDIVPP FSAFSPQGMP EGDLVYVNYA
   181  RTEDFFKLER DMKINCSGKI VIARYGKVFR GNKVKNAQLA GAKGVILYSD PADYFAPGVK
   241  SYPDGWNLPG GGVQRGNILN LNGAGDPLTP GYPANEYAYR RGIAEAVGLP SIPVHPIGYY
   301  DAQKLLEKMG GSAPPDSSWR GSLKVPYNVG PGFTGNFSTQ KVKMHIHSTN EVTRIYNVIG
   361  TLRGAVEPDR YVILGGHRDS WVFGGIDPQS GAAVVHEIVR SFGTLKKEGW RPRRTILFAS
   421  WDAEEFGLLG STEWAEENSR LLQERGVAYI NADSSIEGNY TLRVDCTPLM YSLVHNLTKE
   481  LKSPDEGFEG KSLYESWTKK SPSPEFSGMP RISKLGSGND FEVFFQRLGI ASGRARYTKN
   541  WETNKFSGYP LYHSVYETYE LVEKFYDPMF KYHLTVAQVR GGMVFELANS IVLPFDCRDY
   601  AVVLRKYADK IYSISMKHPQ EMKTYSVSFD SLFSAVKNFT EIASKFSERL QDFDKSNPIV
   661  LRMMNDQLMF LERAFIDPLG LPDRPFYRHV IYAPSSHNKY AGESFPGIYD ALFDIESKVD
   721  PSKAWGEVKR QIYVAAFTVQ AAAETLSEVA

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against FOLH1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.22
Highest tissue expression
251 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • duodenum: 251 nTPM
  • small intestine: 78 nTPM
  • prostate: 71 nTPM
  • salivary gland: 50 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 46 nTPM
  • liver: 31 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • prostatic glandular cells: 1,457 nCPM
  • oligodendrocytes: 499 nCPM
  • lacrimal acinar cells: 145 nCPM
  • salivary acinar cells: 72 nCPM
  • breast lactating cells: 39 nCPM
  • proximal tubule cells: 35 nCPM

Immune cell

  • memory CD4 T-cell: 0.1 nTPM
  • NK-cell: 0.1 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • white matter: 119 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 77 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 70 nTPM
  • thalamus: 65 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 64 nTPM
  • pons: 60 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about FOLH1.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on FOLH1 was assayed in.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.74
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
1.51
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.18
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads FOLH1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against FOLH1 could matter depends on whether native FOLH1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

FOLH1 is annotated at the cell surface, where native FOLH1 is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label FOLH1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/FOLH1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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