Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

FLAD1

FAD synthase

Also known as: FAD1, FAD1_HUMAN, PP591

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q8NFF5
Gene
FLAD1
Ensembl
ENSG00000160688
Chromosome
1
Canonical length
587 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Enzymes, Human disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Plasma membrane,Cytosol,Mid piece,Principal piece,End piece

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes the enzyme that catalyzes adenylation of flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to form flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) coenzyme. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

587 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q8NFF5|FLAD1
     1  MGWDLGTRLF QRQEQRSRLS RIWLEKTRVF LEGSTRTPAL PHCLFWLLQV PSTQDPLFPG
    61  YGPQCPVDLA GPPCLRPLFG GLGGYWRALQ RGREGRTMTS RASELSPGRS VTAGIIIVGD
   121  EILKGHTQDT NTFFLCRTLR SLGVQVCRVS VVPDEVATIA AEVTSFSNRF THVLTAGGIG
   181  PTHDDVTFEA VAQAFGDELK PHPKLEAATK ALGGEGWEKL SLVPSSARLH YGTDPCTGQP
   241  FRFPLVSVRN VYLFPGIPEL LRRVLEGMKG LFQNPAVQFH SKELYVAADE ASIAPILAEA
   301  QAHFGRRLGL GSYPDWGSNY YQVKLTLDSE EEGPLEECLA YLTARLPQGS LVPYMPNAVE
   361  QASEAVYKLA ESGSSLGKKV AGALQTIETS LAQYSLTQLC VGFNGGKDCT ALLHLFHAAV
   421  QRKLPDVPNP LQILYIRSIS PFPELEQFLQ DTIKRYNLQM LEAEGSMKQA LGELQARHPQ
   481  LEAVLMGTRR TDPYSCSLCP FSPTDPGWPA FMRINPLLDW TYRDIWDFLR QLFVPYCILY
   541  DRGYTSLGSR ENTVRNPALK CLSPGGHPTY RPAYLLENEE EERNSRT

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against FLAD1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.33
Highest tissue expression
33 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • skeletal muscle: 33 nTPM
  • skin: 32 nTPM
  • liver: 32 nTPM
  • tongue: 30 nTPM
  • spleen: 29 nTPM
  • heart muscle: 27 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • late spermatids: 126 nCPM
  • cytotrophoblasts: 54 nCPM
  • esophageal basal cells: 50 nCPM
  • extravillous trophoblasts: 50 nCPM
  • migrating cytotrophoblasts: 46 nCPM
  • esophageal suprabasal cells: 41 nCPM

Immune cell

  • non-classical monocyte: 42 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 39 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 39 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 38 nTPM
  • T-reg: 38 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 38 nTPM

Brain region

  • thalamus: 21 nTPM
  • pons: 20 nTPM
  • white matter: 20 nTPM
  • midbrain: 20 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 20 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 20 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about FLAD1.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions FLAD1 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

  • Lipid storage myopathy due to flavin adenine dinucleotide synthetase deficiency (LSMFLAD) MIM:255100

Disease | GeneticClinVar

31 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 371 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.59
gnomAD pLI
0.01
gnomAD missense Z
0.58
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.01
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 15% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of FLAD1 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads FLAD1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against FLAD1 could matter depends on whether native FLAD1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

FLAD1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label FLAD1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/FLAD1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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