Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

ENPP2

Autotaxin

Also known as: ATX, ENPP2_HUMAN, PD-IALPHA, PDNP2

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q13822
Gene
ENPP2
Ensembl
ENSG00000136960
Chromosome
8
Canonical length
863 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Golgi apparatus,Actin filaments
Secretome location
Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene functions as both a phosphodiesterase, which cleaves phosphodiester bonds at the 5' end of oligonucleotides, and a phospholipase, which catalyzes production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. LPA evokes growth factor-like responses including stimulation of cell proliferation and chemotaxis. This gene product stimulates the motility of tumor cells and has angiogenic properties, and its expression is upregulated in several kinds of carcinomas. The gene product is secreted and further processed to make the biologically active form. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

863 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q13822|ENPP2
     1  MARRSSFQSC QIISLFTFAV GVNICLGFTA HRIKRAEGWE EGPPTVLSDS PWTNISGSCK
    61  GRCFELQEAG PPDCRCDNLC KSYTSCCHDF DELCLKTARG WECTKDRCGE VRNEENACHC
   121  SEDCLARGDC CTNYQVVCKG ESHWVDDDCE EIKAAECPAG FVRPPLIIFS VDGFRASYMK
   181  KGSKVMPNIE KLRSCGTHSP YMRPVYPTKT FPNLYTLATG LYPESHGIVG NSMYDPVFDA
   241  TFHLRGREKF NHRWWGGQPL WITATKQGVK AGTFFWSVVI PHERRILTIL QWLTLPDHER
   301  PSVYAFYSEQ PDFSGHKYGP FGPEMTNPLR EIDKIVGQLM DGLKQLKLHR CVNVIFVGDH
   361  GMEDVTCDRT EFLSNYLTNV DDITLVPGTL GRIRSKFSNN AKYDPKAIIA NLTCKKPDQH
   421  FKPYLKQHLP KRLHYANNRR IEDIHLLVER RWHVARKPLD VYKKPSGKCF FQGDHGFDNK
   481  VNSMQTVFVG YGSTFKYKTK VPPFENIELY NVMCDLLGLK PAPNNGTHGS LNHLLRTNTF
   541  RPTMPEEVTR PNYPGIMYLQ SDFDLGCTCD DKVEPKNKLD ELNKRLHTKG STEERHLLYG
   601  RPAVLYRTRY DILYHTDFES GYSEIFLMPL WTSYTVSKQA EVSSVPDHLT SCVRPDVRVS
   661  PSFSQNCLAY KNDKQMSYGF LFPPYLSSSP EAKYDAFLVT NMVPMYPAFK RVWNYFQRVL
   721  VKKYASERNG VNVISGPIFD YDYDGLHDTE DKIKQYVEGS SIPVPTHYYS IITSCLDFTQ
   781  PADKCDGPLS VSSFILPHRP DNEESCNSSE DESKWVEELM KMHTARVRDI EHLTSLDFFR
   841  KTSRSYPEIL TLKTYLHTYE SEI

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ENPP2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.24
Highest tissue expression
1,260 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • choroid plexus: 1,260 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 310 nTPM
  • placenta: 237 nTPM
  • endometrium: 130 nTPM
  • midbrain: 130 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 111 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • choroid plexus epithelial cells: 2,401 nCPM
  • retinal pigment epithelial cells: 2,392 nCPM
  • oligodendrocytes: 1,108 nCPM
  • hofbauer cells: 281 nCPM
  • pancreatic islet cells: 229 nCPM
  • melanocytes: 219 nCPM

Immune cell

  • basophil: 54 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 9.5 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 6.8 nTPM
  • naive CD4 T-cell: 3.1 nTPM
  • naive CD8 T-cell: 1.1 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 1 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 1,539 nTPM
  • white matter: 717 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 459 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 368 nTPM
  • pons: 335 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 334 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about ENPP2.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on ENPP2 was assayed in.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.43
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
1.38
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.05
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads ENPP2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against ENPP2 could matter depends on whether native ENPP2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

ENPP2 is annotated as secreted, so native ENPP2 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label ENPP2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/ENPP2. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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