Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

CXCL12

Stromal cell-derived factor 1

Also known as: PBSF, SCYB12, SDF-1a, SDF-1b, SDF1, SDF1_HUMAN, SDF1A, SDF1B, TLSF-a, TLSF-b, TPAR1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P48061
Gene
CXCL12
Ensembl
ENSG00000107562
Chromosome
10
Canonical length
93 aa
Protein class
Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location
Secreted to blood
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This antimicrobial gene encodes a stromal cell-derived alpha chemokine member of the intercrine family. The encoded protein functions as the ligand for the G-protein coupled receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4, and plays a role in many diverse cellular functions, including embryogenesis, immune surveillance, inflammation response, tissue homeostasis, and tumor growth and metastasis. Mutations in this gene are associated with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

93 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P48061|CXCL12
     1  MNAKVVVVLV LVLTALCLSD GKPVSLSYRC PCRFFESHVA RANVKHLKIL NTPNCALQIV
    61  ARLKNNNRQV CIDPKLKWIQ EYLEKALNKR FKM

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against CXCL12 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.46
Highest tissue expression
333 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • adipose tissue: 333 nTPM
  • spleen: 327 nTPM
  • endometrium: 327 nTPM
  • smooth muscle: 311 nTPM
  • gallbladder: 241 nTPM
  • ovary: 240 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • kupffer cells: 604 nCPM
  • hepatic stellate cells: 349 nCPM
  • fibroblasts: 323 nCPM
  • pericytes: 190 nCPM
  • vascular endothelial cells: 136 nCPM
  • decidual stromal cells: 88 nCPM

Immune cell

  • intermediate monocyte: 0.3 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0 nTPM
  • gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
  • MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 36 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 32 nTPM
  • pons: 29 nTPM
  • thalamus: 28 nTPM
  • midbrain: 26 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 26 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.18
gnomAD pLI
0.12
gnomAD missense Z
-0.25
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.08
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of CXCL12 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads CXCL12 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against CXCL12 could matter depends on whether native CXCL12 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

CXCL12 is annotated as secreted, so native CXCL12 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label CXCL12 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/CXCL12. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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