Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

CTU2

Cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 2

Also known as: C16orf84, CTU2_HUMAN, NCS2

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q2VPK5
Gene: CTU2
Ensembl: ENSG00000174177
Chromosome: 16
Canonical length: 515 aa
Protein class: Disease related genes, Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Mitochondria,Cytosol

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a protein which is involved in the post-transcriptional modification of transfer RNAs (tRNAs). The encoded protein plays a role in thiolation of uridine residue present at the wobble position in a subset of tRNAs, resulting in enhanced codon reading accuracy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

515 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q2VPK5|CTU2
     1  MCQVGEDYGE PAPEEPPPAP RPSREQKCVK CKEAQPVVVI RAGDAFCRDC FKAFYVHKFR
    61  AMLGKNRLIF PGEKVLLAWS GGPSSSSMVW QVLEGLSQDS AKRLRFVAGV IFVDEGAACG
   121  QSLEERSKTL AEVKPILQAT GFPWHVVALE EVFSLPPSVL WCSAQELVGS EGAYKAAVDS
   181  FLQQQHVLGA GGGPGPTQGE EQPPQPPLDP QNLARPPAPA QTEALSQLFC SVRTLTAKEE
   241  LLQTLRTHLI LHMARAHGYS KVMTGDSCTR LAIKLMTNLA LGRGAFLAWD TGFSDERHGD
   301  VVVVRPMRDH TLKEVAFYNR LFSVPSVFTP AVDTKAPEKA SIHRLMEAFI LRLQTQFPST
   361  VSTVYRTSEK LVKGPRDGPA AGDSGPRCLL CMCALDVDAA DSATAFGAQT SSRLSQMQSP
   421  IPLTETRTPP GPCCSPGVGW AQRCGQGACR REDPQACIEE QLCYSCRVNM KDLPSLDPLP
   481  PYILAEAQLR TQRAWGLQEI RDCLIEDSDD EAGQS

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against CTU2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.36
Highest tissue expression: 18 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

skeletal muscle: 18 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 13 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 13 nTPM
basal ganglia: 12 nTPM
liver: 12 nTPM
amygdala: 12 nTPM

Single-cell type

oocytes: 65 nCPM
early primary spermatocytes: 30 nCPM
differentiating spermatogonia: 29 nCPM
decidual stromal cells: 21 nCPM
extravillous trophoblasts: 21 nCPM
esophageal basal cells: 20 nCPM

Immune cell

NK-cell: 7.5 nTPM
gdT-cell: 7.3 nTPM
memory CD8 T-cell: 7.2 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 6.9 nTPM
myeloid DC: 6.8 nTPM
memory CD4 T-cell: 6.6 nTPM

Brain region

cerebral cortex: 17 nTPM
white matter: 17 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 16 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 15 nTPM
basal ganglia: 14 nTPM
amygdala: 14 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about CTU2.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions CTU2 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, renal agenesis, and ambiguous genitalia syndrome (MFRG) MIM:618142

Disease | GeneticClinVar

8 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 396 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

Microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, renal agenesis, and ambiguous genitalia syndrome
Microcephaly
CTU2-related disorder

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.5
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: -3.95
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.65
DepMap dependency class: common

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

Rossmann-like alpha/beta/alpha sandwich fold
Cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 2
Cytoplasmic tRNA 2-thiolation protein 2

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads CTU2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against CTU2 could matter depends on whether native CTU2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

CTU2 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label CTU2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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