Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

CES1

Liver carboxylesterase 1

Also known as: CEH, CES1A1, CES1A2, CES2, EST1_HUMAN, HMSE, HMSE1, SES1

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P23141
Gene
CES1
Ensembl
ENSG00000198848
Chromosome
16
Canonical length
567 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Endoplasmic reticulum
Secretome location
Intracellular and membrane
Quaternary structure
Homohexamer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the carboxylesterase large family. The family members are responsible for the hydrolysis or transesterification of various xenobiotics, such as cocaine and heroin, and endogenous substrates with ester, thioester, or amide bonds. They may participate in fatty acyl and cholesterol ester metabolism, and may play a role in the blood-brain barrier system. This enzyme is the major liver enzyme and functions in liver drug clearance. Mutations of this gene cause carboxylesterase 1 deficiency. Three transcript variants encoding three different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

567 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P23141|CES1
     1  MWLRAFILAT LSASAAWGHP SSPPVVDTVH GKVLGKFVSL EGFAQPVAIF LGIPFAKPPL
    61  GPLRFTPPQP AEPWSFVKNA TSYPPMCTQD PKAGQLLSEL FTNRKENIPL KLSEDCLYLN
   121  IYTPADLTKK NRLPVMVWIH GGGLMVGAAS TYDGLALAAH ENVVVVTIQY RLGIWGFFST
   181  GDEHSRGNWG HLDQVAALRW VQDNIASFGG NPGSVTIFGE SAGGESVSVL VLSPLAKNLF
   241  HRAISESGVA LTSVLVKKGD VKPLAEQIAI TAGCKTTTSA VMVHCLRQKT EEELLETTLK
   301  MKFLSLDLQG DPRESQPLLG TVIDGMLLLK TPEELQAERN FHTVPYMVGI NKQEFGWLIP
   361  MQLMSYPLSE GQLDQKTAMS LLWKSYPLVC IAKELIPEAT EKYLGGTDDT VKKKDLFLDL
   421  IADVMFGVPS VIVARNHRDA GAPTYMYEFQ YRPSFSSDMK PKTVIGDHGD ELFSVFGAPF
   481  LKEGASEEEI RLSKMVMKFW ANFARNGNPN GEGLPHWPEY NQKEGYLQIG ANTQAAQKLK
   541  DKEVAFWTNL FAKKAVEKPP QTEHIEL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against CES1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.23
Highest tissue expression
2,354 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • liver: 2,354 nTPM
  • gallbladder: 257 nTPM
  • lung: 158 nTPM
  • adipose tissue: 89 nTPM
  • colon: 80 nTPM
  • blood vessel: 75 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • hepatocytes: 27 nCPM
  • respiratory ciliated cells: 20 nCPM
  • monocyte progenitors: 16 nCPM
  • conjunctival goblet cells: 15 nCPM
  • smooth muscle cells: 9.5 nCPM
  • fallopian tube ciliated cells: 7 nCPM

Immune cell

  • myeloid DC: 115 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 110 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 58 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 6.8 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 6.1 nTPM
  • memory CD8 T-cell: 5 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 6.1 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 3.5 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 1.9 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 1.9 nTPM
  • pons: 1.9 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 1.3 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about CES1.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

2 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 122 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • DRUG METABOLISM, ALTERED, CES1-RELATED

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.46
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
-2
DepMap mean gene effect
0
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads CES1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against CES1 could matter depends on whether native CES1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

CES1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label CES1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/CES1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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