CCL2

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession

P13500

Gene

CCL2

Ensembl

ENSG00000108691

Chromosome

17

Canonical length

99 aa

Protein class

Cancer-related genes, Candidate cardiovascular disease genes, Human disease related genes, Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins

Subcellular location

Golgi apparatus,Vesicles

Secretome location

Secreted to blood

Quaternary structure

Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. Elevated expression of the encoded protein is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2020]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

99 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P13500|CCL2
     1  MKVSAALLCL LLIAATFIPQ GLAQPDAINA PVTCCYNFTN RKISVQRLAS YRRITSSKCP
    61  KEAVIFKTIV AKEICADPKQ KWVQDSMDHL DKQTQTPKT

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against CCL2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability

Secreted

Secreted

Yes

Transmembrane segments

0

Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)

0.44

Highest tissue expression

701 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for CCL2 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)

1

gnomAD pLI

0.61

gnomAD missense Z

1.19

DepMap mean gene effect

0.09

DepMap dependency class

none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

• angiogenesis
• animal organ morphogenesis
• antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide
• astrocyte cell migration
• cell adhesion
• cell surface receptor signaling pathway
• cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT
• cellular homeostasis
• cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus
• cellular response to interleukin-1
• cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
• cellular response to tumor necrosis factor
• cellular response to type II interferon
• chemokine-mediated signaling pathway
• chemotaxis
• cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
• cytoskeleton organization
• eosinophil chemotaxis
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
• humoral immune response
• inflammatory response
• macrophage chemotaxis
• monocyte chemotaxis
• negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
• negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process
• negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis
• negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process
• negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
• positive regulation of apoptotic cell clearance
• positive regulation of calcium ion import
• positive regulation of cell migration
• positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration
• positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process
• positive regulation of gene expression
• positive regulation of glutamate receptor signaling pathway
• positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis
• positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic
• positive regulation of T cell activation
• protein phosphorylation
• regulation of cell shape
• response to bacterium
• sensory perception of pain
• signal transduction
• viral genome replication
• chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 signaling pathway
• helper T cell extravasation

Molecular functions

• CCR chemokine receptor binding
• CCR2 chemokine receptor binding
• chemoattractant activity
• chemokine activity
• chemokine receptor binding
• protein kinase activity
• signaling receptor binding

Cellular components

• extracellular region
• extracellular space
• membrane

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

• CC chemokine, conserved site
• Chemokine interleukin-8-like domain
• Chemokine interleukin-8-like superfamily
• Chemokine beta/gamma/delta
• Small cytokines (intecrine/chemokine), interleukin-8 like

KeywordsUniProt

• Chemotaxis
• Cytokine
• Disulfide bond
• Glycoprotein
• Inflammatory response
• Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid
• Secreted
• Signal

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of CCL2 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

• TNFAIP6