Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

ALPL

Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme

Also known as: HOPS, PPBT_HUMAN, TNALP, TNAP, TNSALP

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P05186
Gene
ALPL
Ensembl
ENSG00000162551
Chromosome
1
Canonical length
524 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Disease related genes, Enzymes, Human disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins
Subcellular location
Cytosol
Secretome location
Intracellular and membrane
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the alkaline phosphatase family of proteins. There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2, while the tissue non-specific form is located on chromosome 1. The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme that is not expressed in any particular tissue and is, therefore, referred to as the tissue-nonspecific form of the enzyme. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate the mature enzyme. This enzyme may play a role in bone mineralization. Mutations in this gene have been linked to hypophosphatasia, a disorder that is characterized by hypercalcemia and skeletal defects. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

524 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P05186|ALPL
     1  MISPFLVLAI GTCLTNSLVP EKEKDPKYWR DQAQETLKYA LELQKLNTNV AKNVIMFLGD
    61  GMGVSTVTAA RILKGQLHHN PGEETRLEMD KFPFVALSKT YNTNAQVPDS AGTATAYLCG
   121  VKANEGTVGV SAATERSRCN TTQGNEVTSI LRWAKDAGKS VGIVTTTRVN HATPSAAYAH
   181  SADRDWYSDN EMPPEALSQG CKDIAYQLMH NIRDIDVIMG GGRKYMYPKN KTDVEYESDE
   241  KARGTRLDGL DLVDTWKSFK PRYKHSHFIW NRTELLTLDP HNVDYLLGLF EPGDMQYELN
   301  RNNVTDPSLS EMVVVAIQIL RKNPKGFFLL VEGGRIDHGH HEGKAKQALH EAVEMDRAIG
   361  QAGSLTSSED TLTVVTADHS HVFTFGGYTP RGNSIFGLAP MLSDTDKKPF TAILYGNGPG
   421  YKVVGGEREN VSMVDYAHNN YQAQSAVPLR HETHGGEDVA VFSKGPMAHL LHGVHEQNYV
   481  PHVMAYAACI GANLGHCAPA SSAGSLAAGP LLLALALYPL SVLF

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against ALPL can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.25
Highest tissue expression
58 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • adrenal gland: 58 nTPM
  • lung: 54 nTPM
  • liver: 52 nTPM
  • spleen: 45 nTPM
  • kidney: 43 nTPM
  • appendix: 26 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neutrophils: 1,574 nCPM
  • alveolar cells type 2: 811 nCPM
  • transitional alveolar cells: 201 nCPM
  • breast myoepithelial cells: 150 nCPM
  • respiratory secretory cells: 136 nCPM
  • respiratory deuterosomal cells: 117 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 381 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 4.2 nTPM
  • memory B-cell: 2.7 nTPM
  • naive B-cell: 0.5 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 0.1 nTPM
  • basophil: 0 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 34 nTPM
  • pons: 26 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 24 nTPM
  • thalamus: 24 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 23 nTPM
  • amygdala: 19 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about ALPL.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions ALPL is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Disease | GeneticClinVar

533 pathogenic / likely-pathogenic of 1,598 ClinVar records.

Conditions with pathogenic or likely-pathogenic variants.

  • Hypophosphatasia
  • Adult hypophosphatasia
  • Infantile hypophosphatasia
  • Childhood hypophosphatasia
  • ALPL-related disorder

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.69
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
1.27
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.01
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads ALPL as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against ALPL could matter depends on whether native ALPL is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

ALPL is annotated at the cell surface, where native ALPL is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label ALPL as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/ALPL. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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