Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

VNN1

Pantetheinase

Also known as: Tiff66, VNN1_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
O95497
Gene
VNN1
Ensembl
ENSG00000112299
Chromosome
6
Canonical length
513 aa
Protein class
Enzymes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Vesicles
Secretome location
Intracellular and membrane

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the vanin family of proteins, which share extensive sequence similarity with each other, and also with biotinidase. The family includes secreted and membrane-associated proteins, a few of which have been reported to participate in hematopoietic cell trafficking. No biotinidase activity has been demonstrated for any of the vanin proteins, however, they possess pantetheinase activity, which may play a role in oxidative-stress response. This protein, like its mouse homolog, is likely a GPI-anchored cell surface molecule. The mouse protein is expressed by the perivascular thymic stromal cells and regulates migration of T-cell progenitors to the thymus. This gene lies in close proximity to, and in the same transcriptional orientation as, two other vanin genes on chromosome 6q23-q24. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

513 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O95497|VNN1
     1  MTTQLPAYVA ILLFYVSRAS CQDTFTAAVY EHAAILPNAT LTPVSREEAL ALMNRNLDIL
    61  EGAITSAADQ GAHIIVTPED AIYGWNFNRD SLYPYLEDIP DPEVNWIPCN NRNRFGQTPV
   121  QERLSCLAKN NSIYVVANIG DKKPCDTSDP QCPPDGRYQY NTDVVFDSQG KLVARYHKQN
   181  LFMGENQFNV PKEPEIVTFN TTFGSFGIFT CFDILFHDPA VTLVKDFHVD TIVFPTAWMN
   241  VLPHLSAVEF HSAWAMGMRV NFLASNIHYP SKKMTGSGIY APNSSRAFHY DMKTEEGKLL
   301  LSQLDSHPSH SAVVNWTSYA SSIEALSSGN KEFKGTVFFD EFTFVKLTGV AGNYTVCQKD
   361  LCCHLSYKMS ENIPNEVYAL GAFDGLHTVE GRYYLQICTL LKCKTTNLNT CGDSAETAST
   421  RFEMFSLSGT FGTQYVFPEV LLSENQLAPG EFQVSTDGRL FSLKPTSGPV LTVTLFGRLY
   481  EKDWASNASS GLTAQARIIM LIVIAPIVCS LSW

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against VNN1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Cell surface
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.25
Highest tissue expression
204 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • liver: 204 nTPM
  • duodenum: 128 nTPM
  • gallbladder: 84 nTPM
  • small intestine: 75 nTPM
  • kidney: 20 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 8.9 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neutrophils: 1,037 nCPM
  • neutrophil progenitors: 478 nCPM
  • endometrial glandular cells: 144 nCPM
  • enterocytes: 139 nCPM
  • hepatocytes: 125 nCPM
  • monocytes: 94 nCPM

Immune cell

  • classical monocyte: 14 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 12 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 8.5 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 8 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 5 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 3.8 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 6.1 nTPM
  • pons: 5.5 nTPM
  • white matter: 4.8 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 4.2 nTPM
  • basal ganglia: 4.1 nTPM
  • thalamus: 3.9 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
1.04
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
-0.07
DepMap mean gene effect
0.05
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 2% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads VNN1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against VNN1 could matter depends on whether native VNN1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

VNN1 is annotated at the cell surface, where native VNN1 is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label VNN1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/VNN1. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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