Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TYW5

tRNA wybutosine-synthesizing protein 5

Also known as: C2orf60, FLJ37953, TYW5_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: A2RUC4
Gene: TYW5
Ensembl: ENSG00000162971
Chromosome: 2
Canonical length: 315 aa
Protein class: Enzymes, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location: Mitochondria
Quaternary structure: Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

Enables several functions, including iron ion binding activity; protein homodimerization activity; and tRNA(Phe) (7-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)wyosine37-C2)-hydroxylase activity. Involved in wybutosine biosynthetic process. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

315 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>A2RUC4|TYW5
     1  MAGQHLPVPR LEGVSREQFM QHLYPQRKPL VLEGIDLGPC TSKWTVDYLS QVGGKKEVKI
    61  HVAAVAQMDF ISKNFVYRTL PFDQLVQRAA EEKHKEFFVS EDEKYYLRSL GEDPRKDVAD
   121  IRKQFPLLKG DIKFPEFFKE EQFFSSVFRI SSPGLQLWTH YDVMDNLLIQ VTGKKRVVLF
   181  SPRDAQYLYL KGTKSEVLNI DNPDLAKYPL FSKARRYECS LEAGDVLFIP ALWFHNVISE
   241  EFGVGVNIFW KHLPSECYDK TDTYGNKDPT AASRAAQILD RALKTLAELP EEYRDFYARR
   301  MVLHIQDKAY SKNSE

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TYW5 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Intracellular
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.27
Highest tissue expression: 6.5 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

retina: 6.5 nTPM
cerebellum: 3.7 nTPM
skin: 3.5 nTPM
bone marrow: 3.4 nTPM
liver: 3.2 nTPM
spleen: 3.2 nTPM

Single-cell type

müller glia: 73 nCPM
cone photoreceptor cells: 68 nCPM
neutrophil progenitors: 62 nCPM
adrenal cortex cells: 62 nCPM
neutrophils: 60 nCPM
sertoli cells: 56 nCPM

Immune cell

eosinophil: 0.6 nTPM
basophil: 0.5 nTPM
memory B-cell: 0.5 nTPM
naive CD4 T-cell: 0.5 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0.4 nTPM
memory CD4 T-cell: 0.4 nTPM

Brain region

cerebellum: 11 nTPM
white matter: 9.7 nTPM
cerebral cortex: 8.3 nTPM
basal ganglia: 7.7 nTPM
choroid plexus: 7.5 nTPM
hippocampal formation: 7.5 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.24
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: 0.12
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.07
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

wybutosine biosynthetic process

Molecular functions

iron ion binding
protein homodimerization activity
tRNA binding
tRNA(Phe) (7-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)wyosine37-C2)-hydroxylase activity

Cellular components

cytoplasm

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TYW5 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TYW5 could matter depends on whether native TYW5 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TYW5 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TYW5 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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