Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TXNRD2

Thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial

Also known as: SELZ, TR, TR3, TRXR2, TRXR2_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
Q9NNW7
Gene
TXNRD2
Ensembl
ENSG00000184470
Chromosome
22
Canonical length
524 aa
Protein class
Disease related genes, Enzymes, Human disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, Plasma proteins, Potential drug targets, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Mitochondria,Cytosol
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family, and is a member of the thioredoxin (Trx) system. Three thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) isozymes are found in mammals. TrxRs are selenocysteine-containing flavoenzymes, which reduce thioredoxins, as well as other substrates, and play a key role in redox homoeostasis. This gene encodes a mitochondrial form important for scavenging reactive oxygen species in mitochondria. It functions as a homodimer containing FAD, and selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. Sec is encoded by UGA codon that normally signals translation termination. The 3' UTRs of selenoprotein mRNAs contain a conserved stem-loop structure, the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, which is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms, including a few localized in the cytosol and some lacking the C-terminal Sec residue, have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2017]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

524 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q9NNW7|TXNRD2
     1  MAAMAVALRG LGGRFRWRTQ AVAGGVRGAA RGAAAGQRDY DLLVVGGGSG GLACAKEAAQ
    61  LGRKVAVVDY VEPSPQGTRW GLGGTCVNVG CIPKKLMHQA ALLGGLIQDA PNYGWEVAQP
   121  VPHDWRKMAE AVQNHVKSLN WGHRVQLQDR KVKYFNIKAS FVDEHTVCGV AKGGKEILLS
   181  ADHIIIATGG RPRYPTHIEG ALEYGITSDD IFWLKESPGK TLVVGASYVA LECAGFLTGI
   241  GLDTTIMMRS IPLRGFDQQM SSMVIEHMAS HGTRFLRGCA PSRVRRLPDG QLQVTWEDST
   301  TGKEDTGTFD TVLWAIGRVP DTRSLNLEKA GVDTSPDTQK ILVDSREATS VPHIYAIGDV
   361  VEGRPELTPI AIMAGRLLVQ RLFGGSSDLM DYDNVPTTVF TPLEYGCVGL SEEEAVARHG
   421  QEHVEVYHAH YKPLEFTVAG RDASQCYVKM VCLREPPQLV LGLHFLGPNA GEVTQGFALG
   481  IKCGASYAQV MRTVGIHPTC SEEVVKLRIS KRSGLDPTVT GCUG

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TXNRD2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Intracellular
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0
Highest tissue expression
63 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • liver: 63 nTPM
  • adrenal gland: 44 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 31 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 29 nTPM
  • heart muscle: 29 nTPM
  • prostate: 26 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • prostatic glandular cells: 94 nCPM
  • cytotrophoblasts: 85 nCPM
  • myonuclei: 71 nCPM
  • hepatocytes: 66 nCPM
  • parietal cells: 65 nCPM
  • podocytes: 62 nCPM

Immune cell

  • classical monocyte: 11 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 8.2 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 8 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 7.8 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 5.8 nTPM
  • total PBMC: 4.6 nTPM

Brain region

  • choroid plexus: 35 nTPM
  • cerebellum: 27 nTPM
  • hippocampal formation: 17 nTPM
  • cerebral cortex: 17 nTPM
  • thalamus: 16 nTPM
  • midbrain: 16 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about TXNRD2.

Disease | AllUniProt

Conditions TXNRD2 is implicated in, by any mechanism.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.99
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.64
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.1
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 5% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TXNRD2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TXNRD2 could matter depends on whether native TXNRD2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TXNRD2 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TXNRD2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TXNRD2. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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