TSPAN31
Tetraspanin-31
Also known as: SAS, TSN31_HUMAN
Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene
Protein identityUniProt · HPA
- UniProt accession
- Q12999
- Gene
- TSPAN31
- Ensembl
- ENSG00000135452
- Chromosome
- 12
- Canonical length
- 210 aa
- Protein class
- Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted membrane proteins
- Subcellular location
- Nucleoplasm,Golgi apparatus,Cytokinetic bridge,Cytosol
OverviewNCBI Gene
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is thought to be involved in growth-related cellular processes. This gene is associated with tumorigenesis and osteosarcoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt
210 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.
>Q12999|TSPAN31
1 MVCGGFACSK NALCALNVVY MLVSLLLIGV AAWGKGLGLV SSIHIIGGVI AVGVFLLLIA
61 VAGLVGAVNH HQVLLFFYMI ILGLVFIFQF VISCSCLAIN RSKQTDVINA SWWVMSNKTR
121 DELERSFDCC GLFNLTTLYQ QDYDFCTAIC KSQSPTCQMC GEKFLKHSDE ALKILGGVGL
181 FFSFTEILGV WLAMRFRNQK DPRANPSAFLLocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA
Whether an antibody against TSPAN31 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.
- Antibody reachability
- Cell surface
- Secreted
- No
- Transmembrane segments
- 4
- Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
- 0.34
- Highest tissue expression
- 31 nTPM
Expression across tissuesHPA
Tissue
- parathyroid gland: 31 nTPM
- retina: 28 nTPM
- thyroid gland: 25 nTPM
- adrenal gland: 21 nTPM
- blood vessel: 21 nTPM
- tongue: 20 nTPM
Single-cell type
- epicardial cells: 66 nCPM
- müller glia: 58 nCPM
- breast lactating cells: 51 nCPM
- epididymal principal cells: 51 nCPM
- fallopian secretory cells: 49 nCPM
- respiratory ionocytes: 46 nCPM
Immune cell
- plasmacytoid DC: 59 nTPM
- non-classical monocyte: 42 nTPM
- gdT-cell: 36 nTPM
- NK-cell: 36 nTPM
- MAIT T-cell: 35 nTPM
- total PBMC: 33 nTPM
Brain region
- white matter: 22 nTPM
- choroid plexus: 19 nTPM
- medulla oblongata: 19 nTPM
- spinal cord: 18 nTPM
- cerebellum: 17 nTPM
- basal ganglia: 17 nTPM
Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap
Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.
- gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
- 0.68
- gnomAD pLI
- 0.22
- gnomAD missense Z
- 0.55
- DepMap mean gene effect
- -0.29
- DepMap dependency class
- selective
Cancer expressionTCGA
Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 7% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).
OntologyGO
Biological processes
Cellular components
Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro
KeywordsUniProt
Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis
Seroatlas reads TSPAN31 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TSPAN31 could matter depends on whether native TSPAN31 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.
TSPAN31 is annotated at the cell surface, where native TSPAN31 is exposed to circulating antibodies and is a prime autoantibody target that could block, deplete, or overstimulate it.
Annotation status
The present source text does not explicitly label TSPAN31 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.
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