TNP1
Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1
Also known as: STP1_HUMAN
Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene
Protein identityUniProt · HPA
- UniProt accession
- P09430
- Gene
- TNP1
- Ensembl
- ENSG00000118245
- Chromosome
- 2
- Canonical length
- 55 aa
- Protein class
- Predicted intracellular proteins
OverviewNCBI Gene
Transition protein-1 is a spermatid-specific product of the haploid genome which replaces histone and is itself replaced in the mature sperm by the protamines (see PRM1, MIM 182880; PRM2, MIM 182890) (Luerssen et al., 1990 [PubMed 2249851]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]
Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt
55 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.
>P09430|TNP1
1 MSTSRKLKSH GMRRSKSRSP HKGVKRGGSK RKYRKGNLKS RKRGDDANRN YRSHLLocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA
Whether an antibody against TNP1 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.
- Antibody reachability
- Intracellular
- Secreted
- No
- Transmembrane segments
- 0
- Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
- 0.67
- Highest tissue expression
- 5,764 nTPM
Expression across tissuesHPA
Tissue
- testis: 5,764 nTPM
- prostate: 4.3 nTPM
- breast: 3.5 nTPM
- colon: 2.4 nTPM
- skeletal muscle: 2.2 nTPM
- thyroid gland: 2.2 nTPM
Single-cell type
- late spermatids: 175,963 nCPM
- early spermatids: 46,388 nCPM
- late primary spermatocytes: 1,475 nCPM
- leydig cells: 181 nCPM
- sertoli cells: 140 nCPM
- undifferentiated spermatogonia: 91 nCPM
Immune cell
- basophil: 0 nTPM
- classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
- eosinophil: 0 nTPM
- gdT-cell: 0 nTPM
- intermediate monocyte: 0 nTPM
- MAIT T-cell: 0 nTPM
Brain region
- basal ganglia: 17 nTPM
- cerebral cortex: 9.4 nTPM
- hypothalamus: 9.2 nTPM
- cerebellum: 9.1 nTPM
- hippocampal formation: 8.5 nTPM
- amygdala: 7.7 nTPM
Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap
Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.
- gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
- 1.78
- gnomAD pLI
- 0.04
- gnomAD missense Z
- -0.05
- DepMap mean gene effect
- 0.04
- DepMap dependency class
- selective
Cancer expressionTCGA
Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 2% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).
OntologyGO
Biological processes
- chromatin remodeling
- flagellated sperm motility
- heterochromatin formation
- negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription
- nucleosome disassembly
- positive regulation of protein processing
- sexual reproduction
- single strand break repair
- sperm DNA condensation
- spermatid development
- spermatid nucleus differentiation
- spermatid nucleus elongation
- sperm DNA decondensation
Molecular functions
Cellular components
Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro
- Nuclear transition protein 1
- Nuclear transition protein 1, conserved site
- Nuclear transition protein 1
KeywordsUniProt
Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis
Seroatlas reads TNP1 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TNP1 could matter depends on whether native TNP1 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.
TNP1 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.
Annotation status
The present source text does not explicitly label TNP1 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.
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