Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TNFSF15

Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15

Also known as: MGC129934, MGC129935, TL1, TL1A, TNF15_HUMAN, VEGI, VEGI192A

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
O95150
Gene
TNFSF15
Ensembl
ENSG00000181634
Chromosome
9
Canonical length
251 aa
Protein class
Human disease related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Subcellular location
Nucleoplasm,Nuclear membrane,Cytosol
Secretome location
Secreted to blood
Quaternary structure
Homotrimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, but is not expressed in either B or T cells. The expression of this protein is inducible by TNF and IL-1 alpha. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF25 and decoy receptor TNFRSF21/DR6. It can activate NF-kappaB and MAP kinases, and acts as an autocrine factor to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. This cytokine is also found to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, and thus may function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

251 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>O95150|TNFSF15
     1  MAEDLGLSFG ETASVEMLPE HGSCRPKARS SSARWALTCC LVLLPFLAGL TTYLLVSQLR
    61  AQGEACVQFQ ALKGQEFAPS HQQVYAPLRA DGDKPRAHLT VVRQTPTQHF KNQFPALHWE
   121  HELGLAFTKN RMNYTNKFLL IPESGDYFIY SQVTFRGMTS ECSEIRQAGR PNKPDSITVV
   181  ITKVTDSYPE PTQLLMGTKS VCEVGSNWFQ PIYLGAMFSL QEGDKLMVNV SDISLVDYTK
   241  EDKTFFGAFL L

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TNFSF15 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Secreted
Secreted
Yes
Transmembrane segments
1
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.43
Highest tissue expression
8.9 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • duodenum: 8.9 nTPM
  • salivary gland: 5.3 nTPM
  • urinary bladder: 4.4 nTPM
  • placenta: 4.1 nTPM
  • lung: 3.9 nTPM
  • prostate: 3.8 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • prostatic club cells: 74 nCPM
  • endometrial glandular cells: 66 nCPM
  • epididymal basal cells: 49 nCPM
  • prostatic hillock cells: 40 nCPM
  • alveolar cells type 2: 31 nCPM
  • colonocytes: 30 nCPM

Immune cell

  • myeloid DC: 0.6 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0.4 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 0.4 nTPM
  • plasmacytoid DC: 0.3 nTPM
  • neutrophil: 0.2 nTPM
  • basophil: 0.1 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 1.6 nTPM
  • white matter: 1.3 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 1.2 nTPM
  • hypothalamus: 1 nTPM
  • pons: 1 nTPM
  • thalamus: 1 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.95
gnomAD pLI
0
gnomAD missense Z
0.54
DepMap mean gene effect
-0.01
DepMap dependency class
selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TNFSF15 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TNFSF15 could matter depends on whether native TNFSF15 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TNFSF15 is annotated as secreted, so native TNFSF15 circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TNFSF15 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/TNFSF15. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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