Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

TMEM31

Transmembrane protein 31

Also known as: MGC39655, TMM31_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: Q5JXX7
Gene: TMEM31
Ensembl: ENSG00000179363
Chromosome: X
Canonical length: 168 aa
Protein class: Predicted membrane proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location: Nucleoli fibrillar center

OverviewNCBI Gene

Predicted to be located in membrane. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Jul 2025]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

168 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>Q5JXX7|TMEM31
     1  MRLTEKSEGE QQLKPNNSNA PNEDQEEEIQ QSEQHTPARQ RTQRADTQPS RCRLPSRRTP
    61  TTSSDRTINL LEVLPWPTEW IFNPYRLPAL FELYPEFLLV FKEAFHDISH CLKAQMEKIG
   121  LPIILHLFAL STLYFYKFFL PTILSLSFFI LLVLLLLLFI IVFILIFF

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against TMEM31 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Unknown
Secreted: No
Transmembrane segments: 2
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.6
Highest tissue expression: 106 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

testis: 106 nTPM
hypothalamus: 2.1 nTPM
spinal cord: 2.1 nTPM
midbrain: 1.8 nTPM
ovary: 1.7 nTPM
basal ganglia: 1.6 nTPM

Single-cell type

late spermatids: 6,304 nCPM
early spermatids: 745 nCPM
late primary spermatocytes: 88 nCPM
extravillous trophoblasts: 13 nCPM
sertoli cells: 13 nCPM
megakaryocytes: 12 nCPM

Immune cell

myeloid DC: 0.3 nTPM
naive B-cell: 0.3 nTPM
plasmacytoid DC: 0.3 nTPM
memory B-cell: 0.1 nTPM
naive CD4 T-cell: 0.1 nTPM
non-classical monocyte: 0.1 nTPM

Brain region

white matter: 2.2 nTPM
basal ganglia: 1.7 nTPM
hypothalamus: 1.7 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 1.7 nTPM
pons: 1.6 nTPM
thalamus: 1.5 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.87
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: 0.27
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.06
DepMap dependency class: none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 4% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Cellular components

membrane

KeywordsUniProt

InteractionsUniProt · HPA

Protein binding partners of TMEM31 in the human serome: UniProt-annotated complex subunits plus reported interactors. Each links to its own Seroatlas record.

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads TMEM31 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against TMEM31 could matter depends on whether native TMEM31 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

TMEM31 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label TMEM31 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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