Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PTGS2

Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2

Also known as: COX2, PGH2_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession
P35354
Gene
PTGS2
Ensembl
ENSG00000073756
Chromosome
1
Canonical length
604 aa
Protein class
Cancer-related genes, Enzymes, FDA approved drug targets, Human disease related genes, Metabolic proteins, Predicted intracellular proteins
Subcellular location
Vesicles,Cytosol
Secretome location
Intracellular and membrane
Quaternary structure
Homodimer

OverviewNCBI Gene

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes the inducible isozyme. It is regulated by specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

604 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P35354|PTGS2
     1  MLARALLLCA VLALSHTANP CCSHPCQNRG VCMSVGFDQY KCDCTRTGFY GENCSTPEFL
    61  TRIKLFLKPT PNTVHYILTH FKGFWNVVNN IPFLRNAIMS YVLTSRSHLI DSPPTYNADY
   121  GYKSWEAFSN LSYYTRALPP VPDDCPTPLG VKGKKQLPDS NEIVEKLLLR RKFIPDPQGS
   181  NMMFAFFAQH FTHQFFKTDH KRGPAFTNGL GHGVDLNHIY GETLARQRKL RLFKDGKMKY
   241  QIIDGEMYPP TVKDTQAEMI YPPQVPEHLR FAVGQEVFGL VPGLMMYATI WLREHNRVCD
   301  VLKQEHPEWG DEQLFQTSRL ILIGETIKIV IEDYVQHLSG YHFKLKFDPE LLFNKQFQYQ
   361  NRIAAEFNTL YHWHPLLPDT FQIHDQKYNY QQFIYNNSIL LEHGITQFVE SFTRQIAGRV
   421  AGGRNVPPAV QKVSQASIDQ SRQMKYQSFN EYRKRFMLKP YESFEELTGE KEMSAELEAL
   481  YGDIDAVELY PALLVEKPRP DAIFGETMVE VGAPFSLKGL MGNVICSPAY WKPSTFGGEV
   541  GFQIINTASI QSLICNNVKG CPFTSFSVPD PELIKTVTIN ASSSRSGLDD INPTVLLKER
   601  STEL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PTGS2 can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability
Other membrane
Secreted
No
Transmembrane segments
0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)
0.24
Highest tissue expression
151 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

  • urinary bladder: 151 nTPM
  • seminal vesicle: 120 nTPM
  • bone marrow: 110 nTPM
  • cervix: 58 nTPM
  • lung: 35 nTPM
  • gallbladder: 30 nTPM

Single-cell type

  • neutrophils: 1,509 nCPM
  • epididymal basal cells: 666 nCPM
  • monocytes: 659 nCPM
  • urothelial cells: 451 nCPM
  • mast cells: 391 nCPM
  • ocular epithelial cells: 382 nCPM

Immune cell

  • neutrophil: 12 nTPM
  • intermediate monocyte: 0.7 nTPM
  • myeloid DC: 0.4 nTPM
  • non-classical monocyte: 0.4 nTPM
  • classical monocyte: 0.3 nTPM
  • eosinophil: 0.2 nTPM

Brain region

  • cerebral cortex: 6.4 nTPM
  • choroid plexus: 3.9 nTPM
  • white matter: 3.6 nTPM
  • medulla oblongata: 2.2 nTPM
  • spinal cord: 2.2 nTPM
  • thalamus: 2.1 nTPM

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about PTGS2.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on PTGS2 was assayed in.

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for PTGS2 from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Reference: AutoantibodyPubMed

2 publications

Reference: T cellIEDB

1 publication

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)
0.26
gnomAD pLI
1
gnomAD missense Z
2.48
DepMap mean gene effect
0.03
DepMap dependency class
none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PTGS2 as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PTGS2 could matter depends on whether native PTGS2 is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PTGS2 is annotated as predominantly intracellular. Intracellular proteins are common autoantibody markers, becoming visible to the immune system after cell injury or altered processing, but are usually markers of disease rather than direct drivers.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PTGS2 as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

Canonical record: https://seroatlas.com/gene/PTGS2. Study-independent annotations aggregated from UniProt, Human Protein Atlas, PubMed, IEDB, Pfam, InterPro, Gene Ontology, AlphaFold, gnomAD, DepMap, ClinVar, TCGA. Catalog release seroatlas-reviewed-human-uniprot-20260313.

Seroatlas is the reference for exploring autoantibody and antibody serology at the human-protein level: the autoreactome and human serome, multiplex serology (HuProt, HuScan, VirScan, PhIP-Seq).

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