Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PPY

Pancreatic polypeptide prohormone

Also known as: PAHO_HUMAN, PNP

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P01298
Gene: PPY
Ensembl: ENSG00000108849
Chromosome: 17
Canonical length: 95 aa
Protein class: Cancer-related genes, Predicted intracellular proteins, Predicted secreted proteins
Secretome location: Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a member of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides. The encoded 95 aa preproprotein is synthesized in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans and proteolytically processed to generate two peptide products. These products include the active pancreatic hormone of 36 aa and an icosapeptide of unknown function. This hormone acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions and may be important in the regulation of food intake. Plasma level of this hormone has been shown to be reduced in conditions associated with increased food intake and elevated in anorexia nervosa. In addition, infusion of this hormone in obese rodents has shown to decrease weight gain. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

95 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P01298|PPY
     1  MAAARLCLSL LLLSTCVALL LQPLLGAQGA PLEPVYPGDN ATPEQMAQYA ADLRRYINML
    61  TRPRYGKRHK EDTLAFSEWG SPHAAVPREL SPLDL

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PPY can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.56
Highest tissue expression: 153 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

pancreas: 153 nTPM
rectum: 6.8 nTPM
parathyroid gland: 6.5 nTPM
skin: 6.1 nTPM
epididymis: 3.9 nTPM
colon: 2.3 nTPM

Single-cell type

pancreatic islet cells: 1,835 nCPM
neuroendocrine cells: 83 nCPM
epididymal principal cells: 9.2 nCPM
oocytes: 9.2 nCPM
mucous neck cells: 6.2 nCPM
cdc: 5.5 nCPM

Immune cell

myeloid DC: 1.2 nTPM
plasmacytoid DC: 0.1 nTPM
basophil: 0 nTPM
classical monocyte: 0 nTPM
eosinophil: 0 nTPM
gdT-cell: 0 nTPM

Brain region

cerebral cortex: 0.3 nTPM
amygdala: 0.1 nTPM
basal ganglia: 0.1 nTPM
hypothalamus: 0.1 nTPM
pons: 0.1 nTPM
thalamus: 0.1 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.7
gnomAD pLI: 0.01
gnomAD missense Z: 0.76
DepMap mean gene effect: -0.23
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 1% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PPY as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PPY could matter depends on whether native PPY is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PPY is annotated as secreted, so native PPY circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PPY as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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