Seroatlas · Human Serome Atlas

PENK

Proenkephalin-A

Also known as: PENK_HUMAN

Cross-references: UniProt · Ensembl · Human Protein Atlas · GeneCards · NCBI Gene

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession: P01210
Gene: PENK
Ensembl: ENSG00000181195
Chromosome: 8
Canonical length: 267 aa
Protein class: Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins, Transporters
Subcellular location: Vesicles
Secretome location: Secreted in other tissues

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to generate multiple protein products. These products include the pentapeptide opioids Met-enkephalin and Leu-enkephalin, which are stored in synaptic vesicles, then released into the synapse where they bind to mu- and delta-opioid receptors to modulate the perception of pain. Other non-opioid cleavage products may function in distinct biological activities. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2015]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

267 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P01210|PENK
     1  MARFLTLCTW LLLLGPGLLA TVRAECSQDC ATCSYRLVRP ADINFLACVM ECEGKLPSLK
    61  IWETCKELLQ LSKPELPQDG TSTLRENSKP EESHLLAKRY GGFMKRYGGF MKKMDELYPM
   121  EPEEEANGSE ILAKRYGGFM KKDAEEDDSL ANSSDLLKEL LETGDNRERS HHQDGSDNEE
   181  EVSKRYGGFM RGLKRSPQLE DEAKELQKRY GGFMRRVGRP EWWMDYQKRY GGFLKRFAEA
   241  LPSDEEGESY SKEVPEMEKR YGGFMRF

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against PENK can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability: Secreted
Secreted: Yes
Transmembrane segments: 0
Mean surface accessibility (rSASA): 0.61
Highest tissue expression: 674 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

Tissue

basal ganglia: 674 nTPM
adrenal gland: 356 nTPM
testis: 105 nTPM
hypothalamus: 75 nTPM
ovary: 25 nTPM
cerebellum: 24 nTPM

Single-cell type

leydig cells: 922 nCPM
late primary spermatocytes: 456 nCPM
adrenal medulla cells: 372 nCPM
peritubular myoid cells: 214 nCPM
early primary spermatocytes: 129 nCPM
brain inhibitory neurons: 114 nCPM

Immune cell

naive B-cell: 0.6 nTPM
myeloid DC: 0.3 nTPM
non-classical monocyte: 0.2 nTPM
classical monocyte: 0.1 nTPM
intermediate monocyte: 0.1 nTPM
basophil: 0 nTPM

Brain region

basal ganglia: 337 nTPM
hypothalamus: 179 nTPM
medulla oblongata: 155 nTPM
spinal cord: 121 nTPM
pons: 103 nTPM
cerebellum: 89 nTPM

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance): 1.25
gnomAD pLI: 0
gnomAD missense Z: -0.72
DepMap mean gene effect: 0.03
DepMap dependency class: selective

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 3% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

Molecular functions

Cellular components

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

Opioid neuropeptide precursor
Vertebrate endogenous opioids neuropeptide
Proenkephalin A

KeywordsUniProt

Antibody and autoantibody relevanceSeroatlas analysis

Seroatlas reads PENK as an antibody target. Whether an autoantibody or antibody against PENK could matter depends on whether native PENK is physically reachable, whether the body needs it intact, and whether it acts in a disease-relevant tissue.

PENK is annotated as secreted, so native PENK circulates and is directly accessible to antibodies. Secreted and cell-surface proteins are the autoantibody targets most likely to act like drugs, blocking or depleting the native protein.

Annotation status

The present source text does not explicitly label PENK as an autoantigen. Seroatlas presents hypothesis context only and does not manufacture a known-serology claim.

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