NPY

Protein identityUniProt · HPA

UniProt accession

P01303

Gene

NPY

Ensembl

ENSG00000122585

Chromosome

7

Canonical length

97 aa

Protein class

FDA approved drug targets, Plasma proteins, Predicted secreted proteins

Subcellular location

Golgi apparatus

Secretome location

Secreted to blood

OverviewNCBI Gene

This gene encodes a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the central nervous system and influences many physiological processes, including cortical excitability, stress response, food intake, circadian rhythms, and cardiovascular function. The neuropeptide functions through G protein-coupled receptors to inhibit adenylyl cyclase, activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), regulate intracellular calcium levels, and activate potassium channels. A polymorphism in this gene resulting in a change of leucine 7 to proline in the signal peptide is associated with elevated cholesterol levels, higher alcohol consumption, and may be a risk factor for various metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The protein also exhibits antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

Canonical amino-acid sequenceUniProt

97 residues, UniProt reviewed canonical sequence.

>P01303|NPY
     1  MLGNKRLGLS GLTLALSLLV CLGALAEAYP SKPDNPGEDA PAEDMARYYS ALRHYINLIT
    61  RQRYGKRSSP ETLISDLLMR ESTENVPRTR LEDPAMW

LocalizationUniProt · AlphaFold · HPA

Whether an antibody against NPY can act on the native protein depends on physical access: surface and secreted proteins are reachable by circulating antibodies, intracellular proteins usually are not.

Antibody reachability

Secreted

Secreted

Yes

Transmembrane segments

0

Mean surface accessibility (rSASA)

0.53

Highest tissue expression

348 nTPM

Expression across tissuesHPA

DiseaseUniProt · ClinVar · IEDB · PubMed

Four sources answering four different questions about NPY.

Disease | ImmuneIEDB

Conditions an epitope on NPY was assayed in.

• type 1 diabetes mellitus T cell
• prediabetes syndrome T cell

ReferencesPubMed · IEDB

Publications for NPY from three distinct lines of evidence, kept separate because they answer different questions: whether antibodies are directed at the protein, whether a B-cell epitope has been mapped on it, and whether a T-cell epitope has. Each is labelled with its source.

Sources: PubMed — antigen-level antibody evidence from a custom retrieval. Records matching a controlled set of autoantibody terms (the MeSH descriptors Autoantibodies and Autoantigens, with title and abstract term variants) were obtained through NCBI E-utilities, and their titles and abstracts parsed for constructions that direct an antibody at a named protein rather than for co-occurrence. Captured names were resolved against UniProt nomenclature and each antigen adjudicated individually against the source text. IEDB — curated epitope assays from the Immune Epitope Database (Vita et al., Nucleic Acids Research 2019). Bibliographic records from PubMed and MeSH, U.S. National Library of Medicine; citation metrics from NIH iCite (Hutchins et al., PLoS Biology 2016). Titles link to PubMed; abstracts are not reproduced here. The NLM does not endorse this analysis.

Genetic constraint and essentialitygnomAD · DepMap

Does the body need this protein intact? Low LOEUF or a strong DepMap dependency means loss or blockade of the protein is likely to be felt.

gnomAD LOEUF (loss-of-function intolerance)

1.08

gnomAD pLI

0.14

gnomAD missense Z

0.64

DepMap mean gene effect

-0.06

DepMap dependency class

none

Cancer expressionTCGA

Across TCGA tumor cohorts, this protein is over-expressed in roughly 2% of surveyed tumor types (aggregate summary; per-cohort expression, alteration, and survival load in the interactive view).

OntologyGO

Biological processes

• adult feeding behavior
• central nervous system neuron development
• cerebral cortex development
• chemical synaptic transmission
• developmental growth
• drinking behavior
• feeding behavior
• G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger
• intestinal epithelial cell differentiation
• monocyte activation
• negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
• negative regulation of blood pressure
• neuron projection development
• neuropeptide signaling pathway
• positive regulation of appetite
• positive regulation of cell population proliferation
• positive regulation of cell-substrate adhesion
• positive regulation of dopamine metabolic process
• positive regulation of eating behavior
• positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade
• positive regulation of nitric oxide metabolic process
• regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration
• regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis
• synaptic signaling via neuropeptide
• regulation of nerve growth factor production
• short-day photoperiodism

Molecular functions

• calcium channel regulator activity
• G protein-coupled receptor activity
• neuropeptide hormone activity
• neuropeptide Y receptor binding
• signaling receptor binding

Cellular components

• extracellular region
• extracellular space
• GABA-ergic synapse
• Golgi apparatus
• neuronal dense core vesicle
• perikaryon
• perinuclear region of cytoplasm
• terminal bouton

Protein domainsUniProt · Pfam · InterPro

• Pancreatic hormone-like
• Pancreatic hormone-like, conserved site
• Pancreatic hormone peptide

KeywordsUniProt

• Amidation
• Cleavage on pair of basic residues
• Cytoplasmic vesicle
• Neuropeptide
• Phosphoprotein
• Secreted
• Signal